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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Quantum threshold of the sensitivity of an intracavity traveling-wave laser spectrometer

Alexander A. Kachanov, Vladimir R. Mironenko, I K Pashkovich

Published Jan 31, 1989• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation was made of fluctuations of the spectral distribution of the intensity in the wide-band spectrum of a ring cw traveling-wave dye laser. Allowance for the averaging within the limits of the instrumental function of a spectrometer was made by analyzing the noise power spectra obtained for the recorded intensity distributions. A good agreement with the theory was observed. The threshold of detection of an intracavity spectrometer, denned in terms of the absorption coefficient, was found to be governed by the quantum nature of the radiation used in the spectrometer and amounted to ~ 3 X 10 − 17 cm − 1 when the accumulation time was 20 s.

DOI
10.1070/qe1989v019n01abeh007723

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An experimental investigation was made of fluctuations of the spectral distribution of the intensity in the wide-band spectrum of a ring cw traveling-wave dye laser. Allowance for the averaging within the limits of the instrumental function of a spectrometer was made by analyzing the noise power spectra obtained for the recorded intensity distributions. A good agreement with the theory was observed. The threshold of detection of an intracavity spectrometer, denned in terms of the absorption coefficient, was found to be governed by the quantum nature of the radiation used in the spectrometer and amounted to ~ 3 X 10 − 17 cm − 1 when the accumulation time was 20 s.
A model using rate equations which allow for quantum noise is used to make a theoretical analysis of the steady-state lasing regime of a cw dye laser. Equations describing the laser performance are derived in the adiabatic approximation neglecting spatial inhomogeneities in the burnup of the active medium. An investigation is made of the stability of steady-state multimode laser action and it is found that this is weak in certain modes. Calculations are made of correlation functions describing fluctuations in the numbers of photons in the modes and fluctuations in the total intensity. Although the fluctuations in individual modes are large, the integrated intensity fluctuates negligibly. An analysis is made of the influence of quantum intensity fluctuations on the attainment of maximum sensitivity in intracavity laser spectroscopy.
A new technique for quantitative detection of atomic absorption by intracavity dye-laser quenching is studied. For the sodium D(2) line, a sensitivity of 7 x 10(4) atoms/cm(3) x 1% quenching is obtained; and the sensitivity in single-pass detection is 4 x 10(8) atoms/cm(3) x 1% absorption for a 15-cm cell. Use of a cw dye laser improves the sensitivity and the stability. The dependence of the sensitivity on the bandwidth of laser action is measured, and a simple theoretical consideration is given for single-pass absorption.
We report theoretical and experimental investigation of intensity fluctuations in a travelling-wave ring Nd : YAG chip laser, caused by the noise of spontaneous emission. In accordance with theory and experiment, quantum intensity fluctuations in the laser under study decrease dramatically with increasing pump over the threshold. As a result of the research performed, the factor is found, which determines the ratio of the rate of spontaneous emission into the generated mode to the total rate of spontaneous emission into all modes. The effect of the relaxation rate from the lower laser level on quantum fluctuations of the radiation intensity is found.
A short-cavity dye laser has been constructed to study fluctuations arising from quantum noise and mode coupling in multimode systems. Typical dye lasers (i.e., long-cavity) have been found to have cw dynamics that are dominated by coherent wave mixing effects.1 The quantum noise in these lasers also manifests itself as a variance in the buildup times of the laser light intensity. Buildup times of singlemode long-cavity lasers have been studied.2 The relative importance of quantum noise is enhanced in short cavities making the turn-on transient the dominant feature in the laser light fluctuations. We have measured the turn-on transient of individual modes from a multimode short-cavity dye laser following sudden turn-on of the pump power. The shortness of the cavity has the effect of making the decay times of the intracavity field and the molecular population similar. The observed buildup and rise times are compared with those predicted by a semiclassical multimode laser theory with stochastic noise added for several pump rates. Moreover, semiregular oscillations of the total intensity have been observed to occur in short bursts separating intervals of nearly constant cw laser output.