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Physical Review A

Line narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency in Rb with a longitudinal magnetic field

S. M. Iftiquar, Vasant Natarajan A

Published Jan 12, 2009• 38 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiments in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type systems benefit from the use of hot vapor where the thermal averaging results in reducing the width of the EIT resonance well below the natural linewidth. Here, we demonstrate a technique for further reducing the EIT width in room-temperature vapor by the application of a small longitudinal magnetic field. The Zeeman shift of the energy levels results in the formation of several shifted subsystems; the net effect is to create multiple EIT dips each of which is significantly narrower than the original resonance. We observe a reduction by a factor of 3 in the ${D}_{2}$ line of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ with a field of $3.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.013808

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By employing the density matrix approach, this study systematically examines the impact of a longitudinal magnetic field on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) within the context of the effective three-level Zeeman sublevels associated with the D2-line of 87Rb atomic vapor. Our investigation reveals that a sufficient enhancement in the longitudinal magnetic field induces a discernible narrowing of the EIT linewidth, accompanied by an enhancement in the peak transmission through a Rubidium (Rb) vapor cell. Related to these, we analyse the effect of magnetic field on the dispersive properties of the system, including group delay and group velocity and observed a slight decrement in the group delay and increment in the group velocity, which specifies the transition from slow to fast light under the application of the magnetic field.
Abstract We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87 Rb vapor at room temperature in a magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction. Rather than exposing atoms to a parallelled or transverse magnetic field as usual, in our work, we apply a magnetic field (up to 45 Gauss) with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction and the spectra become much more complex. More EIT dips are observed due to the Zeeman splitting on the D 2 line of 87 Rb in a Λ -type configuration. With a 5 Torr N 2 buffer gas in the thermal 2 cm vapor cell, the state 5 2 P 3 / 2 has a very short effective lifetime, corresponding to a large energy broadening, which removes the velocity selective optical pumping effect almost completely and keeps the high resolution EIT spectrum for the energy splitting of 87 Rb in magnetic fields. The shifting of the EIT resonances with the strength of the applied magnetic field coincides well with the theory based on a full matrix Hamiltonian combined with a spectral decomposition method. Our work can be extended to measure the magnetic field vector in space. The effects of the detuning of the probe and coupling beams on the spectral lines are also investigated.
Doppler narrowing, Zeeman and laser beam-shape effects in ΛΛΛ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency on the 85^{85}85Rb D2 line in a vapor cell
We study ΛΛΛ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) on the Rb D2 transition in a buffer-gas-free thermal vapor cell without anti-relaxation coating. Experimental data show distinguished features of velocity-selective optical pumping and one EIT resonance. The Zeeman splitting of the EIT line in magnetic fields up to 12 Gauss is investigated. One Zeeman component is free of the first-order shift and its second-order shift agrees well with theory. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this magnetic-field-insensitive EIT resonance is reduced due to Doppler narrowing, scales linearly in Rabi frequency over the range studied, and reaches about 100~kHz at the lowest powers. These observations agree with an analytic model for a Doppler-broadened medium developed in Ref. \cite{PhysRevA.66.013805,7653385}. Numerical simulation using the Lindblad equation reveals that the transverse laser intensity distribution and two ΛΛΛ-EIT systems must be included to fully account for the measured line width and line shape of the signals. Ground-state decoherence, caused by effects that include residual optical frequency fluctuations, atom-wall and trace-gas collisions, is discussed.
Abstract We study Λ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) on the Rb D2 transition in a buffer-gas-free thermal vapor cell without anti-relaxation coating. Experimental data show well-resolved features due to velocity-selective optical pumping and one EIT resonance. The Zeeman splitting of the EIT line in magnetic fields up to 12 Gauss is investigated. One Zeeman component is free of the first-order shift and its second-order shift agrees well with theory. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this magnetic-field-insensitive EIT resonance is reduced due to Doppler narrowing, scales linearly in Rabi frequency over the range studied, and reaches about 100 kHz at the lowest powers. These observations agree with an analytic model for a Doppler-broadened medium developed in (Javan et al 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 013805; Lee et al 2003 Appl. Phys. B, Lasers Opt. (Germany) B 76, 33–9; Taichenachev et al 2000 JETP Lett. 72, 119). Numerical simulation using the Lindblad equation reveals that the transverse laser intensity distribution and two Λ-EIT systems must be included to fully account for the measured line width and line shape of the signals. Ground-state decoherence, caused by effects that include residual optical frequency fluctuations, atom-wall and trace-gas collisions, is discussed.