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Physical Review A

Magnetically induced polarization switching for the F17 −7 F00 570.68-nm transition of Sm i in a Fabry-Perot cavity

Christian G. Parigger, Peter Hannaford, Weston J. Sandle, R. J. Ballagh

Published Jun 1, 1985• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Preliminary results of experimental and theoretical behavior of a ${J}_{\mathrm{lower}=1}$ to ${J}_{\mathrm{upper}=0}$ ${(}^{7}$${\mathrm{F}}_{1}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{7}$${\mathrm{F}}_{0}^{0}$, 570.68 nm in Sm i) transition in a laser-driven optical cavity are reported. Unlike a J=(1/2) to J=(1/2) transition, polarization asymmetry in the switching does not spontaneously appear in the absence of a magnetic field, owing to the effect of Zeeman coherence in the J=1 level. However, with a longitudinal magnetic field, polarization asymmetry in the switching does develop for symmetric driving; we describe this new effect as magnetically induced polarization switching.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.31.4043

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Preliminary results of experimental and theoretical behavior of a Jlower=1{J}_{\mathrm{lower}=1}Jlower=1​ to Jupper=0{J}_{\mathrm{upper}=0}Jupper=0​ {(}^{7}$${\mathrm{F}}_{1}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{7}$${\mathrm{F}}_{0}^{0}, 570.68 nm in Sm i) transition in a laser-driven optical cavity are reported. Unlike a J=(1/2) to J=(1/2) transition, polarization asymmetry in the switching does not spontaneously appear in the absence of a magnetic field, owing to the effect of Zeeman coherence in the J=1 level. However, with a longitudinal magnetic field, polarization asymmetry in the switching does develop for symmetric driving; we describe this new effect as magnetically induced polarization switching.
Experiments on the steady-state, nonlinear behavior of the 7F1^{7}\mathrm{F}_{1}7F1​${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{7}$F0o{\mathrm{F}}_{0}^{\mathrm{o}}F0o​ 570.68-nm transition of atomic samarium in a laser-driven, near-concentric Fabry-Perot cavity are reported. For zero applied magnetic field, only simple optical bistability, symmetric in both ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ transmitted polarizations, is observed for a linearly polarized excitation beam. However, for a magnetic field applied parallel to the propagation direction, polarization-sensitive switching appears, with lowest power threshold near the edge of the Doppler-broadened region. Subsidiary measurements of atomic parameters are also given to enable the transition to be experimentally well characterized.
Experimental investigations of optical bistability (OB) for systems with degenerate lower states have up to now relied principally on atomic sodium [1-4]. The study of the influence of lower level coherence effects in OB [5] is greatly aided by the use of a nonlinear medium having a transition with integral electronic angular momentum character. A suitable choice upon which we report here is the 4f6 6s2 (7F1) to 4f6 6s6p (7Foo) 570.68-nm transition in SmI, driven by linearly polarized laser excitation in a near-concentric Fabry-Perot cavity. Unlike the case of the Na J = 1/2 to J = 1/2 D1 transition, for which polarization asymmetry in switching (PS) develops spontaneously [1-4], for the above transition we find that the symmetry in the polarization is conserved. No polarization differences of σ+ with respect to σ− develop in the output from the optical cavity. This behaviour accords with the theoretical expectation [6] that PS is suppressed by transverse optical pumping.
The field intensity and polarization behaviour of an optically pumped laser is investigated in different operating conditions. For a linearly polarized pump field, a strong gain anisotropy is induced which favours generation of light with a polarization parallel to that of the pump field. Thus gain anisotropy can be counterbalanced by cavity-loss anisotropy only at low pumping field intensities, and the interplay between both types of anisotropy leads to polarization switching phenomena. In contrast to the case of the incoherently pumped laser, the decay rate for the magnetic dipole induced on the J = 1 level plays a minor role in determining the polarization dynamics. The influence of a longitudinal magnetic field or of modulation of the pump-field polarization orientation leads to new features and complex dynamic behaviour which includes full polarization (or vector ) chaos.
We report on the static and dynamic behavior of the intensity and polarization of the light transmitted by a Fabry–Perot cavity filled with sodium vapor without a buffer gas. The light beam is resonant with the D1 transition, and the behavior can be traced back to the simultaneous presence of Zeeman pumping and hyperfine pumping in the sodium ground state, combined with velocity-selective hole-burning effects. Together with optical bistability, tristability, and pitchfork bifurcation, the system displays intrinsic oscillations in the absence of a magnetic field. We discuss the features of these phenomena, particularly the appearance of Hopf bifurcations, and the ways they are affected by the experimental control parameters. We also report evidence of period doubling and of more-complex dynamics in the presence of a magnetic field.