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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Superfluorescence dynamics in /sup 130/Te/sub 2/

Etienne Boursey, Jaafar Meziane, Ari S. Topouzkhanian

Published Apr 1, 1993• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

High-resolution analysis results are presented for Te/sub 2/ superfluorescence induced by short pulses from a YAG-pumped dye laser pulses, and a comparison is made with CW-laser-induced fluorescence observed by Fourier transform spectroscopy. A complete identification of the transitions involved, based on intensity measurements and supported by calculated Franck-Condon factors, has been achieved. The cooperative emission in Te/sub 2/ has been studied by time resolved spectroscopy as a function of density. With increasing density or temperature of the sample, the emission changes continuously from characteristic spontaneous emission to superfluorescence. The evolution of the time characteristics of the signal with the number of partners are presented and compared with the predictions of current theories.>

DOI
10.1109/3.214488

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High-resolution analysis results are presented for Te/sub 2/ superfluorescence induced by short pulses from a YAG-pumped dye laser pulses, and a comparison is made with CW-laser-induced fluorescence observed by Fourier transform spectroscopy. A complete identification of the transitions involved, based on intensity measurements and supported by calculated Franck-Condon factors, has been achieved. The cooperative emission in Te/sub 2/ has been studied by time resolved spectroscopy as a function of density. With increasing density or temperature of the sample, the emission changes continuously from characteristic spontaneous emission to superfluorescence. The evolution of the time characteristics of the signal with the number of partners are presented and compared with the predictions of current theories.>
We present new results on Te2 superfluorescence induced by short YAG-pumped dye laser pulses analyzed at high resolution by comparison with C.W. laser induced fluorescence observed by Fourier transform spectroscopy. A complete identification of the transitions involved based on intensity measurements and supported by calculated Franck-Condon factors has been achieved. The cooperative emission in Te2 has been studied by time resolved spectroscopy as a function of density. As the density or temperature of the sample is increased, the emission evolves continuously from characteristic spontaneous emission to superfluorescence. The dependence of the superradiant pulse parameters (relaxation time and half-width) with respect to density will be presented and compared to predictions of current theories.
The cooperative emission process in KCL;O2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​${\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ has been studied as a function of the dephasing rate of the transition dipole. As the temperature of the sample is increased from 10 to 30 K, the emission evolves continuously from that characteristic of superfluorescence to that of amplified spontaneous emission. These results are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of current theories, but quantitative agreement is obtained only when current theories are modified so that the noise source that initiates the emission process is allowed to act continuously during the superfluorescent buildup.
We have observed and characterized 501.6 nm collective spontaneous emission (superfluorescence) following 1s(2) → 1s3p excitation of helium atoms by 53.7 nm free-electron laser radiation. Emitted pulse energies of up to 100 nJ are observed, corresponding to a photon number conversion efficiency of up to 10%. We observe the peak intensity to scale as ρ(2) and the emitted pulse width and delay to scale as ρ(-1), where ρ is the atom number density. Emitted pulses as short as 1 ps are observed, which corresponds to a rate around 75,000 times faster than the spontaneous 1s3p → 1s2s decay rate. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of superfluorescence following pumping in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength region, and extension of the technique to the generation of extreme ultraviolet and x-ray superfluorescence pulses should be straightforward by using suitable atomic systems and pump wavelengths.
We have studied the nature of the emission from a laser-excited KCI : O 2 − crystal and have observed that the emission evolves continuously from superfluorescence (SF) to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) as the temperature of the crystal and hence the dephasing rate of the optical transition are increased. The sample is excited by a 30-ps pulse from a frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG laser, and the 629.1-nm emission is detected using a streak camera system. At a temperature of 10 K the emission is characterized as SF with an average delay time of 200 ps and an average pulse width of 60 ps. As the temperature is increased to ~20 K, the output pulse broadens and the time delay increases to its maximum value of ~2 ns. As the temperature is increased still further, the time delay is observed to decrease, and at a temperature of 30 K the emission is characterized as ASE with a very small delay time and with an exponentially decaying time evolution. We modeled our experiment using the Maxwell-Bloch formalism and find good agreement for our measured output pulse shapes and for the dependence of delay time and pulse width on the dephasing rate.
We study the superfluorescence (SF) from a gas of rubidium atoms. The atoms of a dense vapor are excited to the 5D5D5D state from the 5S5S5S state by a two-photon process driven by 100-fs laser pulses. The atoms decay to the 6P6P6P state and then to the 5S5S5S state. The SF emission at 420 nm on the 6P6P6P--5S5S5S transition is recorded by a streak camera with picosecond time resolution. The time duration of the generated SF is tens of picoseconds, which is much shorter than the time scale of the usual relaxation processes, including spontaneous emission and atomic coherence dephasing. The dependence of the time delay between the reference input pulse and SF is measured as a function of laser power. The experimental data are described quantitatively by a simulation based on the semiclassical atom-field interaction theory. The observed change in scaling laws for the peak intensity and delay time can be elucidated by an SF theory in which the sample length is larger than the cooperation length.