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Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)

Amplification of a weak circularly polarized light signal in a multilevel atomic medium

E. A. Gazazyan, G. G. Grigoryan, A. Papoyan

Published Jul 7, 2011• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Amplification of a weak circularly polarized light signal in a multilevel atomic medium excited by a strong linearly polarized resonant radiation is studied. A strong optical pumping may lead to the population inversion between magnetic sublevels of hyperfine components of the ground and excited states. Solution to the self-consistent system of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations for propagation of the weak signal allows analyzing optimum conditions of amplification.

DOI
10.3103/s1068337211040013

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Amplification of a weak circularly polarized light signal in a multilevel atomic medium excited by a strong linearly polarized resonant radiation is studied. A strong optical pumping may lead to the population inversion between magnetic sublevels of hyperfine components of the ground and excited states. Solution to the self-consistent system of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations for propagation of the weak signal allows analyzing optimum conditions of amplification.
We present an analytical calculation of temporal evolution of populations for optically pumped atoms under the influence of weak, circularly polarized light. The differential equations for the populations of magnetic sublevels in the excited state, derived from rate equations, are expressed in the form of inhomogeneous second-order differential equations with constant coefficients. We present a general method of analytically solving these differential equations, and obtain explicit analytical forms of the populations of the ground state at the lowest order in the saturation parameter. The obtained populations can be used to calculate lineshapes in various laser spectroscopies, considering transit time relaxation.
The general nonlinear stationary theory of propagation of an elliptically polarized pulse that resonantly interacts with the 1/2-1/2 transition is developed taking into account relaxation processes. It is shown that interference of magnetic sublevels in the field of polarized radiation that optically pumps atoms results in inversionless amplification of radiation. Taking into account the Doppler broadening of spectral lines shows that there exists a certain optimal length of the resonant medium along which the radiation that emerges from the medium is maximally amplified.
The propagation of a probe field in a medium consisting of two-level atoms, degenerate in relation to the J g = 1/2 → J e = 1/2 transition, is examined. The atoms are pumped by a circularly polarised resonant field in the presence of a static magnetic field. It is shown that under these conditions one of the normal waves may be amplified in the absence of inversion in the medium. In strong optical and magnetic fields, inversion-free amplification is possible for a pump with a finite spectral width, which may be much greater than the natural width of the excited level.
The general nonstationary theory of propagation of an elliptically polarized pulse resonantly interacting with the 1/2–1/2 transition is presented. The theory that takes into account relaxation processes is developed in terms of irreducible tensor operator representation allowing diagonalization of the relaxation matrix and introduction of effective decay times governing relaxation of both population and coherence between magnetic sublevels of the resonant system. It is shown that interference of magnetic sublevels in the field of polarized radiation that optically pumps the atoms can result in inversionless amplification of radiation.
The effect of different populations of the magnetic sublevels of the ground state on the propagation of polarized radiation through resonant media is studied theoretically. The nonlinear refractive indices for circularly and linearly polarized waves in media with arbitrary angular momenta j 1 and j 2 are found. The influence of the coherence between the magnetic sublevels on multiphoton effects is analyzed. It is shown that, as a result of elastic Rayleigh scattering, energy transfer from one component of the wave polarization to the other takes place. The picture of induced four-photon parametric scattering of a weak wave in the presence of a strong wave also changes.
Amplification of a probe field without inversion in a medium of non-degenerate two-level atoms pumped by a circularly polarized optical field in resonance with a 1/2→1/2 atomic transition in the presence of a dc magnetic field orthogonal to the wave vector of the pump field is demonstrated. It is shown that gain without inversion is possible in strong optical and magnetic fields in the case of a pump with a finite spectral width which can be much greater than the natural width of the excited level.