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Physical Review A

Enhancement of motional entanglement of cold atoms by pairwise scattering of photons

Rui Guo, Xiaoji Zhou, Xuzong Chen

Published Nov 7, 2008• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The mechanism of pairwise scattering of photons with cold atoms is investigated. We show that considerable motional correlation can be established between atoms during the scattering process, which can effectively squeeze the scattering spectrum and can be utilized to produce highly entangled atomic wave packet. Under certain conditions, the atomic momentum entanglement can be efficiently enhanced beyond the 1 entanglement bit limit (known as $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ebit}$, e.g., a Bell singlet state) with only single-photon scattering and detection.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.052107

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The mechanism of pairwise scattering of photons with cold atoms is investigated. We show that considerable motional correlation can be established between atoms during the scattering process, which can effectively squeeze the scattering spectrum and can be utilized to produce highly entangled atomic wave packet. Under certain conditions, the atomic momentum entanglement can be efficiently enhanced beyond the 1 entanglement bit limit (known as 1ebit1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ebit}1ebit, e.g., a Bell singlet state) with only single-photon scattering and detection.
A scheme for entangling distant atoms is realized, as proposed in the seminal paper by [C. Cabrillo et al., Phys. Rev. A 59, 1025 (1999)]. The protocol is based on quantum interference and detection of a single photon scattered from two effectively one meter distant laser cooled and trapped atomic ions. The detection of a single photon heralds entanglement of two internal states of the trapped ions with high rate and with a fidelity limited mostly by atomic motion. Control of the entangled state phase is demonstrated by changing the path length of the single-photon interferometer.
Single atoms trapped in optical cavities exhibit immense potential as key nodes in future quantum information processing. They have already demonstrated significant advancement in various quantum technologies, particularly regarding the generation of nonclassical light. Here, we efficiently produce genuine photonic Bell states through the inelastic scattering process off single two-level intracavity atoms. An experimental violation of the Bell inequality, arising from the interference between the probability amplitudes of two photons, validates the intrinsic nature of energy-time entanglement. Coupling atoms with an optical cavity in the Purcell regime substantially enhances the two-photon scattering. This Bell state generation process does not require atomic spin control, thereby rendering it inherently immune to decoherence effects. This work advances the comprehension of resonance fluorescence and has the potential to broaden the landscape of quantum technologies and facilitate the application of photonic Bell states.
The Stokes and anti-Stokes components of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence of a single trapped atom, which originate from the mechanical coupling between the scattered photons and the quantized motion of the atomic center of mass, exhibit quantum correlations which are of two-mode-squeezing type. We study and demonstrate the build-up of such correlations in a specific setup, which is experimentally accessible, and where the atom acts as efficient and continuous source of EPR-entangled, two-mode squeezed light.