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Physical Review A

Parametric time-coherent states for the hydrogen atom

Nuri Ünal

Published Apr 16, 2001• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We obtained coherent states for the hydrogen atom by transforming the problem into four oscillators in the parametric time at a classical level, and quantizing these oscillators by using path integration over their holomorphic coordinates. We showed that for the negative- (positive-) energy coherent states the mean values of the physical position of the electron satisfy the Keplerian ellipses (hyperbolas) and that their dispersions oscillate (increase) in parametric time.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.63.052105

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We obtained coherent states for the hydrogen atom by transforming the problem into four oscillators in the parametric time at a classical level, and quantizing these oscillators by using path integration over their holomorphic coordinates. We showed that for the negative- (positive-) energy coherent states the mean values of the physical position of the electron satisfy the Keplerian ellipses (hyperbolas) and that their dispersions oscillate (increase) in parametric time.
The problem of deriving macroscopic properties from the Hamiltonian of the hydrogen atom is resumed by extending previous results in the literature, which predicted elliptic orbits, into the region of hyperbolic orbits. As a main tool, coherent states of the harmonic oscillator are used which are continued to imaginary frequencies. The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel (KS) map is applied to transform the original configuration space into the product space of four harmonic oscillators with a constraint. The relation derived between real time and oscillator (pseudo) time includes quantum corrections. In the limit $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, the time-dependent mean values of position and velocity describe the classical motion on a hyperbola and a circular hodograph, respectively. Moreover, the connection between pseudotime and real time comes out in analogy to Kepler's equation for elliptic orbits. The mean-square-root deviations of position and velocity components behave similarly in time to the corresponding ones of a spreading Gaussian wave packet in free space. To check the approximate treatment of the constraint, its contribution to the mean energy is determined with the result that it is negligible except for energy values close to the parabolic orbit with eccentricity equal to 1. It is inevitable to introduce a suitable scalar product in R4{\mathbb{R}}^{4}R4 which makes both the transformed Hamiltonian and the velocity operators Hermitian. An elementary necessary criterion is given for the energy interval where the constraint can be approximated by averaging.