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Physical Science International Journal

Variable Mass Quantum Harmonic Oscillator; Exact Solvability and Isospectral Potentials

Martin Tchoffo, M. Vubangsi, Lukong Cornelius Fai

Published Jan 10, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By imposing a particular constraint of solvability on the Liouville normal form of the BenDaniel-Duke type variable mass Schr¨odinger equation, we have derived a class of solvable potentials and harmonic oscillator type solutions for the system. The method has been shown to be applicable in finding isospectral potentials for an infinite possibility of position-dependent mass distributions as well as in determining the effective mass profile for a given effective interaction.

DOI
10.9734/psij/2014/9756

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By imposing a particular constraint of solvability on the Liouville normal form of the BenDaniel-Duke type variable mass Schr¨odinger equation, we have derived a class of solvable potentials and harmonic oscillator type solutions for the system. The method has been shown to be applicable in finding isospectral potentials for an infinite possibility of position-dependent mass distributions as well as in determining the effective mass profile for a given effective interaction.
One of the most important scientific contributions of Professor Marcos Moshinsky has been his study on the harmonic oscillator in quantum theory vis à vis the standard Schrödinger equation with constant mass [1].However, a simple description of the motion of a particle interacting with an external environment such as happen in compositionally graded alloys consist of replacing the mass by the so-called effective mass that is in general variable and dependent on position.Therefore, honoring in memoriam Marcos Moshinsky, in this work we consider the position-dependent mass Schrodinger equations (PDMSE) for the harmonic oscillator potential model as former potential as well as with equi-spaced spectrum solutions, i.e. harmonic oscillator isospectral partners.To that purpose, the point canonical transformation method to convert a general second order differential equation (DE), of Sturm-Liouville type, into a Schrödinger-like standard equation is applied to the PDMSE.In that case, the former potential associated to the PDMSE and the potential involved in the Schrödinger-like standard equation are related through a Riccati-type relationship that includes the equivalent of the Witten superpotential to determine the exactly solvable positions-dependent mass distribution (PDMD) m(x).Even though the proposed approach is exemplified with the harmonic oscillator potential, the procedure is general and can be straightforwardly applied to other DEs.
We study the generalized harmonic oscillator that has both the position-dependent mass and the potential depending on the form of mass function in a more general framework. The explicit expressions of the eigenvalue and eigenfunction for such a system are given, they have the same forms as those for the usual harmonic oscillator with constant mass. The coherent state and its properties for the system with PDM are also discussed. We give the corresponding effective potentials for several mass functions, the systems with such potentials are isospectral to the usual harmonic oscillator.
Abstract We present an exact solution of a confined model of the non-relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator, where the effective mass and the angular frequency are dependent on the position. The free Hamiltonian of the proposed model has the form of the BenDaniel–Duke kinetic energy operator. The position-dependency of the mass and the angular frequency is such that the homogeneous nature of the harmonic oscillator force constant k and hence the regular harmonic oscillator potential is preserved. As a consequence thereof, a quantization of the confinement parameter is observed. It is shown that the discrete energy spectrum of the confined harmonic oscillator with position-dependent mass and angular frequency is finite, has a non-equidistant form and depends on the confinement parameter. The wave functions of the stationary states of the confined oscillator with position-dependent mass and angular frequency are expressed in terms of the associated Legendre or Gegenbauer polynomials. In the limit where the confinement parameter tends to ∞, both the energy spectrum and the wave functions converge to the well-known equidistant energy spectrum and the wave functions of the stationary non-relativistic harmonic oscillator expressed in terms of Hermite polynomials. The position-dependent effective mass and angular frequency also become constant under this limit.
In this work, the quantum operator approach is applied to both, the position-dependent mass Schrödinger equation (PDMSE) and the Schrodinger equation with constant mass (CMSE). This fact enable us to find the factorization operators that relates both Hamiltonians by means of a kinetic energy operator that comes from the proposal of Morrow and Brownstein. With this approach is possible to find the exactly-solvable PDMSE, for any value of the parameters α and γ in the von Roos's Hamiltonian. For that, our proposal can be considered as a unified treatment of the PDMSE because it contains as particular cases, the kinetic energy operators of various authors such as BenDaniel-Duke, Gora-Williams, Zhu-Kroemer and Li-Kuhn among others. To show the usefulness of our result, we show the solvable PDMSE that comes from the harmonic oscillator potential model for the CMSE. The proposal is general and can easily be extended to other potential models and mass distributions which will be given in the extended paper.