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International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics

10-GHz Bandwidth RF Spectral Analyzer with MHz Resolution Based on Holography in Tm3+: YAG

Guillaume Gorju, Adrien Chauve, Vincent Crozatier, I. Lorgeré, J.-L. Le Gouët, Fabien Bretenaker

Published Oct 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a 10 GHz spectrum analyzer with MHz resolution and >30 dB dynamic range using the spectral-hole-burning (SHB) Tm3+:YAG crystal working at 793 nm. Thanks to the fast and linear chirping capabilities of the laser used, it has a potential 100% probability of interception and a response time in the ms range. The system is compared to a previously demonstrated SHB spectral analyzer

DOI
10.1109/mwp.2006.346547

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International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics•Oct 1, 2014•11 citations
We demonstrate a 10 GHz spectrum analyzer with MHz resolution and >30 dB dynamic range using the spectral-hole-burning (SHB) Tm3+:YAG crystal working at 793 nm. Thanks to the fast and linear chirping capabilities of the laser used, it has a potential 100% probability of interception and a response time in the ms range. The system is compared to a previously demonstrated SHB spectral analyzer
We demonstrate the first 10-GHz instantaneous bandwidth radio-frequency spectrum analyzer based on spectral hole burning in Tm/sup 3+/:YAG. It exhibits 10 000 frequency channels and a resolution better than 1 MHz. Thanks to the fast and linear chirping capabilities of the laser used, it has a potential 100% probability of interception and a response time in the millisecond range. Its linear dynamic range of 16 dB is presently essentially limited by the modest amount of optical power available and can be further improved.
We demonstrate an RF spectrum analyzer based on spectral-hole burning (SHB) that operates with unity probability of intercept and resolution under 100 kHz. An SHB crystal, which consists of rare-earth ions doped into a crystal host, records the power spectrum of an RF signal modulated onto an optical carrier as a series of spectral holes that persist for about 10 ms. While the crystal's homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths place the fundamental limits on resolution and bandwidth, respectively, the practical limits depend on the lasers used to interrogate the record stored in the crystal's absorption profile. Up to now, SHB spectrum analyzers have used chirped beams from externally modulated, stabilized lasers, which have linewidths of under 10 kHz but cannot chirp over much more than octave bandwidths, or directly modulated diode lasers, which can chirp over more than 20GHz but have linewidths of about 1 MHz. Switching to chirped fiber lasers, which have natural linewidths of under 2 kHz and chirping linewidths on the order of 10 kHz, produces a measurement with fine resolution without any laser stabilization. In addition, by chirping the fiber laser with a sufficiently fast piezo, the resulting chirp could extend over tens of gigahertz in under 10 ms, yielding both fine resolution and broad bandwidth without extraordinary stabilization schemes.
We present experimental results for what is to our knowledge the first spectral-hole-burning based rf spectrum analyzer to cover 10 GHz of rf analysis bandwidth. The rf signal of interest is modulated onto an optical carrier, and the resultant optical sidebands are burned into the inhomogeneously broadened absorption band of a Tm3+:YAG crystal. At the same time a second, frequency-swept laser reads out the absorption profile, which is a double-sideband replica of the rf spectrum, and thus the rf spectrum can be deduced after spectral calibration of the nonlinear readout chirp. This initial demonstration shows spectral analysis covering 10 GHz of bandwidth with >5500 spectral channels and provides 43 dB of dynamic range.
Different architectures of rf spectral analyzers based on the spectral photography scheme in spectral-hole-burning materials are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The microscopic atomic response for the recording and reading of the rf spectra and taking into account the spatial extension of the beams is calculated for different analyzer configurations. The spectral resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of the analyzer are derived. These predictions are experimentally tested using spectral-hole burning in Tm3+:YAG for a couple of configurations and sizes of the beams. In each case, the resolution, linear dynamic range, and bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer are determined.
We report on the experimental demonstration of a multi-gigahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analyzer exhibiting a resolution below 20 MHz, based on spectral hole burning in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal. To be compatible with demanding real-time spectrum monitoring applications, our demonstrator is designed to reach a high time resolution. For this purpose, we implemented the so-called “rainbow” architecture in which the spectral components of the incoming signal are angularly separated by the crystal, and are then acquired with a pixelated photodetector. The Tm3+:YAG crystal is programmed with a semiconductor DFB laser which frequency scan is servo-controlled and synchronized with the angular scan of a resonant galvanometric mirror, while a high-speed camera is used to acquire the spectra. In the perspective of future implementation within a system, the crystal is cooled below 4 K with a closed-cycle cryostat. With this setup, we have been able to monitor and record the spectrum of complex microwave signals over an instantaneous bandwidth above 20 GHz, with a time resolution below 100 μs, 400 resolvable frequency components and a probability of intercept of 100 %.