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The European Physical Journal D

Investigation of quantum coherence effects in a multilevel atom induced by three laser fields

Saswati Dey, N. Aich, Chanchal Chaudhuri, Biswajit Ray

Published Feb 1, 2015• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2014-50525-4

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The effect of enhanced dispersion with suppressed absorption due to optical coherence and quantum interference in multilevel atomic systems has attracted great attention in recent years.1,2 Although many theoretical papers have been published on this subject, few experiments have been reported. Harris and co-workers demonstrated suppression of absorption in Pb atomic vapor with a coherent pumping field in a three-level cascade system.3 Recently, they performed an experiment to reduce group velocity of a laser pulse in the same multilevel system of Pb atomic vapor by inducing optical coherence between another transition that shares one level with the transition near resonance with the probe beam.4
We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the ground-state levels of the Cs cycling transition. We show that in such multilevel nondegenerate systems, the populations of the extreme Zeeman sublevels, under optical pumping, can have asymmetric (``dispersive'') line shapes as a function of laser frequency. A density-matrix model which takes into account optical, Zeeman, and hyperfine coherences, and allows for a fluctuating laser field, correctly predicts the experimental observations. A comparison of the density-matrix model with a rate-equation model demonstrates the role of coherences in the population distribution. Investigation of the effect theoretically and experimentally for \ensuremath{\sigma} and \ensuremath{\pi} laser polarizations is presented in the paper.
A strong laser field interacting with an atom or a molecule can induce a coherent process which includes a large number of energy levels. If we can find a transformation which eliminates the explicit time dependence of the interaction Hamiltonian (for example, the rotating-wave approximation), we can reduce the dynamic problem to the consideration of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian. However, the complexity of an arbitrary multilevel Hamiltonian usually forces us to use numerical methods, and, therefore, not much general understanding about multilevel systems can be achieved. We consider the multilevel problems in a more general setting. Our approach is based on the observation that an arbitrary Hamiltonian matrix can be transformed into a tridiagonal form by unitary transformation.1 A tridiagonal form represents a ladder-type multilevel system. From all W-level systems the ladder configuration is the simplest in the sense that the number of level connections is the smallest possible. This means that the most effective analysis of a given multilevel system can be achieved using the transformation to ladder configuration. The spectral analysis of ladders is facilitated by the connections to orthogonal polynomials and continued fractions. The investigations about the spectral properties of ladders are reported.