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Applied Optics

Biorthogonally accessed three-dimensional two-photon memory for relational database operations

Brita H. Olson, Ramamohan Paturi, Sadik C. Esener

Published Jun 10, 1997• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Memory bandwidth is a bottleneck for very large database machines. Parallel-access three-dimensional two-photon memories have the potential of achieving enormous throughput (>100 Gbit/s) and capacity (1 Tbit/cm(3)) [Appl. Opt. 29, 2058 (1990)] and, consequently, are well suited for this application. Our analysis shows that some operations can be completed more than 2 orders of magnitude faster with this type of memory than with a system based on serial-access storage. These particular memories have a further feature of being accessible in orthogonal directions. We show that this property, used in conjunction with a three-dimensional data-organization scheme designed for this approach, leads to improved performance by permitting the user a choice of accessing strategies for a given operation.

DOI
10.1364/ao.36.003877

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Memory bandwidth is a bottleneck for very large database machines. Parallel-access three-dimensional two-photon memories have the potential of achieving enormous throughput (>100 Gbit/s) and capacity (1 Tbit/cm(3)) [Appl. Opt. 29, 2058 (1990)] and, consequently, are well suited for this application. Our analysis shows that some operations can be completed more than 2 orders of magnitude faster with this type of memory than with a system based on serial-access storage. These particular memories have a further feature of being accessible in orthogonal directions. We show that this property, used in conjunction with a three-dimensional data-organization scheme designed for this approach, leads to improved performance by permitting the user a choice of accessing strategies for a given operation.
Two-photon absorption 3-D optical memories have the potential for simple media fabrication, parallel access for high data transfer rates, high volumetric storage density, and low raw bit error rates (BER).1-2 The writing or erasure takes place at the intersection of two orthogonally propagating beams where a unique physical location is allocated to each stored bit. The data can be stored and retrieved in several formats in a single operation. By using either orthogonal-propagating beams or counter-propagating beams, it is possible to control the region of overlap of the two beams to be a single point, a line, or a plane. We will refer to those data formats as bit, vector, and image (or page) storage.
This paper proposes a novel distributed memory access architecture leveraging quantum entanglement to achieve ultra-low latency and high-bandwidth data access, surpassing the limitations of classical physics. The core concept involves a network of nodes, each containing multiple entangled quantum bits (qubits). By performing specific measurements on these entangled qubits, data can be instantaneously accessed from any node in the network without traditional data transmission. This architecture utilizes the inherent properties of quantum entanglement to enable "instantaneous" read and write operations across the network. The theoretical framework presented herein outlines the design principles and potential performance benefits of this approach, highlighting its capacity to dramatically improve the performance of large-scale parallel computing systems. We explore the key mathematical relationships governing entangled state manipulation and data access, focusing on the reduction of latency and bandwidth limitations inherent in conventional distributed memory systems. The architecture's potential impact on computationally intensive tasks is discussed, emphasizing the paradigm shift enabled by harnessing quantum phenomena.
The speed of modern supercomputers is primarily limited by the relatively slow speed of memory. Research over the past years has focused on developing optical memory systems that, by nature of optics, promise to achieve high speed and high memory capacity. Three- dimensional optical memory systems are well known for their storage capacity and achievable short access time. But the early attempts to exploit 3-dimensional media were limited to photorefractive crystals such as lithium niobate, due to the unavailability of any other suitable medium (alternative media are precluded by their diffraction limited storage densities and non- erasable characteristics). Although volume phase holograms can be recorded in photorefractive crystals, these materials have many obvious flaws such as strong scattering, phase distortion, self diffraction, fast decay, and low refractive index modulation. There have also been continuous efforts to develop new 3-D media (such as photon echo, photorefractive polymers, bacteriorhodusphin, memory access cache, etc., but none can be applied in real world 3-D device because these materials are still in the early stage of development.
Single photons are the flying qubits of choice for distributing entanglement in a quantum internet. Quantum memories embedded in quantum repeaters are crucial to overcome transmission loss and enhance the rate of quantum communication. A multimode memory can further boost the channel capacity. However, benchmarking and building a practical quantum memory that simultaneously optimizes multiple performance metrics poses two key challenges. Here, we introduce quantum interconnect rate to comprehensively quantify quantum memories, and further demonstrate a high-performance quantum memory that simultaneously integrates three essential criteria at once: large multimode capacity, high efficiency, and high fidelity. Operating on 11-dimensional spatial modes, our memory achieves a uniform efficiency exceeding 80% and qubit storage fidelities above 99%, enabling the efficient storage of high-dimensional qudits. Based on these capabilities, we estimate a distribution of 3.56 bits of quantum information over a 1000-km repeater link in one minute, highlighting a practical pathway toward scalable quantum interconnects and quantum networks.
One of the unique and perhaps the most attractive features of an optical memory is its ability to store and retrieve information in a bit-parallel format.1-3 Recently, we have proposed a new scheme for parallel data storage in TDOM.4,5 This scheme was proven to be practical and can be implemented with existing technologies. In a proof-of-principle experiment, four wavelength-multiplexed single-page volume spectral holograms, generated with black-and-white transparencies, were successfully stored in a single spatial location at a speed of approximately 23 μs/frame. The experimental results project system's input/output bandwidth to exceed 40 Gbps, two orders of magnitude faster than a semiconductor cache memory.