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Physical Review A

Dynamics of pulsed SU(1,1) coherent states

Christopher C. Gerry, Edward R. Vrscay

Published Jun 1, 1989• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we consider the time evolution of SU(1,1) coherent states driven by a coherence-preserving Hamiltonian containing periodic or quasiperiodic pulsing terms. This is a generalization of a system consisting of a two-level atom subjected to quasiperiodic pulsing that was recently studied by Milonni, Ackerhalt, and Goggin [Phys. Rev. A 35, 1714 (1987)]. The time-evolution operator in our case is given by a product of two finite group transformations of SU(1,1). Assuming an initial SU(1,1) coherent state, we determine the equivalent classical motion generated by a Poincar\'e map that is a M\"obius transformation on the Lobachevski plane, the interior of the unit circle in the complex plane. The quantum-mechanical evolution of the state vector is calculated exactly and in closed form even though the Hilbert space is infinite dimensional. We also study the autocorrelation function which, as in the work of Milonni, Ackerhalt, and Goggin, is found to decay in the case of quasiperiodic pulsing that may possibly be associated with a manifestation of chaos in a quantum-mechanical system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.39.5717

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In this paper we consider the time evolution of SU(1,1) coherent states driven by a coherence-preserving Hamiltonian containing periodic or quasiperiodic pulsing terms. This is a generalization of a system consisting of a two-level atom subjected to quasiperiodic pulsing that was recently studied by Milonni, Ackerhalt, and Goggin [Phys. Rev. A 35, 1714 (1987)]. The time-evolution operator in our case is given by a product of two finite group transformations of SU(1,1). Assuming an initial SU(1,1) coherent state, we determine the equivalent classical motion generated by a Poincar'e map that is a M"obius transformation on the Lobachevski plane, the interior of the unit circle in the complex plane. The quantum-mechanical evolution of the state vector is calculated exactly and in closed form even though the Hilbert space is infinite dimensional. We also study the autocorrelation function which, as in the work of Milonni, Ackerhalt, and Goggin, is found to decay in the case of quasiperiodic pulsing that may possibly be associated with a manifestation of chaos in a quantum-mechanical system.
We investigate dynamics of the SU (1,1) coherent states with the use of the group transformations diagonalizing the coherence preserving Hamiltonian driving the physical system. The model physical system we consider may be viewed as a particular case of the generalized time-dependent harmonic oscillator, or as a generalization of the degenerate parametric amplifier, with the pumping field having modulated amplitude and a nonresonant phase. A Hamiltonian of such a system is given as a linear combination of the SU (1,1) generators with time-dependent coefficients, and the group transformations, mentioned above, transform this Hamiltonian to an expression containing only one generator, i.e. diagonalize the Hamiltonian. Trajectories of the complex coherent state parameter in the phase space (Lobachevskii plane) can be divided into two classes: compact trajectories never approaching the unit circle (boundary of the phase space) and noncompact trajectories approaching the unit circle from inside asymptotically, after sufficiently long time. The character of the dynamics is reflected by the time behaviour of the parameters of the group transformation diagonalizing the Hamiltonian. The main observation is that in the case of noncompact dynamics absolute values of the group parameters increase indefinitely, although in some cases they may exhibit a singular behaviour with regions of rapid variations, sudden changes of their values or cusplike singularities. For compact dynamics the group transformation parameters remain bounded and exhibit an oscillatory behaviour as functions of time.
In this paper we study the time evolution of a quasiperiodically kicked spin system whose Hamiltonian is linear in the SU(2) generators. Since this Hamiltonian preserves SU(2) coherent states under time evolution, there is a close correspondence between the quantum evolution and the classical evolution of the system on the Bloch sphere. Such a system has previously been studied by Milonni, Ackerhalt, and Goggin [Phys. Rev. A 35, 1714 (1987)] and, with two incommensurate driving frequencies, the quantum evolution was characterized by (a) decay of the autocorrelation function of the state vector, (b) broadband power spectrum of observables, (c) ergodicity on the Bloch sphere. We expand upon their work to study the corresponding behavior of the motion on a symplectic phase space and the decay of the autocorrelation function of the state vector. When the forcing strength is such that the motion is localized in phase space, the autocorrelation function shows revivals. When the motion is ergodic the autocorrelation function rapidly decays without revivals. The classical motion however is not chaotic, there is no sensitive dependence on initial conditions. For three incommensurate frequencies, the motion is more delocalized than for two frequencies for a fixed forcing strength.
The question of the behavior of quantum systems in time-dependent fields whose classical counterparts exhibit chaotic behavior is addressed. For any nondissipative bounded quantum system under the influence of polychromatic (i.e., quasiperiodic) fields, it is proved by means of the many-mode Floquet theory1 that the autocorrelation function will recur infinitely often in the course of time, indicating no strict quantum stochasticity is possible.2 In particular, for an N-level quantum system undergoing multiphoton transitions, its dynamic behavior is described by the quasiperiodic motion of an (N2 – 1)-dimensional coherence vector S in accord with the SU(N) dynamic symmetries. On the other hand, for any dissipative quantum system, SU(N) symmetries are broken, and chaotic behavior is observed as the coherence vector Sevolves from an initially (N2 – 1)-dimensional space to a lower-dimensional space. The recurrence and chaotic phenomena are illustrated for two- and three-level quantum systems driven by intense bichromatic laser fields.2
We study the time evolution of SU(1,1) coherent states driven by a damped harmonic oscillator as described by the Kanai-Caldirola Hamiltonian. The coherence of these states is preserved and their time evolution is described by nonlinear ``classical'' equations. The trajectories of all SU(1,1) coherent states in phase space asymptotically approach a common point as t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. In all cases, this approach is accompanied by a damping of the associated energy expectation value to zero.
An atomic coherent state will evolve to an atomic coherent state under a classical driving field. Under a time-periodic driving field the phase space for the dynamics is S 2 × S 1 , so that chaotic motion is possible. We explore the types of motion that can occur for periodically driven atomic coherent states by investigating the properties of the first return map S 2 → S 2 . The sphere map that we introduce is a generalization of the Kolmogorov–Arnold circle map that is based on the Gauss sphere map. We find mixtures of mode-locking, quasiperiodicity, forward and reverse period-doubling cascades and chaos. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.