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Physical Review A

Dynamics of SU(1,1) coherent states driven by a damped harmonic oscillator

Christopher C. Gerry, Korman Philip, Edward R. Vrscay

Published Jan 1, 1989• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the time evolution of SU(1,1) coherent states driven by a damped harmonic oscillator as described by the Kanai-Caldirola Hamiltonian. The coherence of these states is preserved and their time evolution is described by nonlinear ``classical'' equations. The trajectories of all SU(1,1) coherent states in phase space asymptotically approach a common point as t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. In all cases, this approach is accompanied by a damping of the associated energy expectation value to zero.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.39.668

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Dynamics of SU(1,1) coherent states for the damped harmonic oscillator

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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Dec 1, 1987•1 citation
We study the time evolution of SU(1,1) coherent states driven by a damped harmonic oscillator as described by the Kanai-Caldirola Hamiltonian. The coherence of these states is preserved and their time evolution is described by nonlinear ``classical'' equations. The trajectories of all SU(1,1) coherent states in phase space asymptotically approach a common point as t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. In all cases, this approach is accompanied by a damping of the associated energy expectation value to zero.
We investigate dynamics of the SU (1,1) coherent states with the use of the group transformations diagonalizing the coherence preserving Hamiltonian driving the physical system. The model physical system we consider may be viewed as a particular case of the generalized time-dependent harmonic oscillator, or as a generalization of the degenerate parametric amplifier, with the pumping field having modulated amplitude and a nonresonant phase. A Hamiltonian of such a system is given as a linear combination of the SU (1,1) generators with time-dependent coefficients, and the group transformations, mentioned above, transform this Hamiltonian to an expression containing only one generator, i.e. diagonalize the Hamiltonian. Trajectories of the complex coherent state parameter in the phase space (Lobachevskii plane) can be divided into two classes: compact trajectories never approaching the unit circle (boundary of the phase space) and noncompact trajectories approaching the unit circle from inside asymptotically, after sufficiently long time. The character of the dynamics is reflected by the time behaviour of the parameters of the group transformation diagonalizing the Hamiltonian. The main observation is that in the case of noncompact dynamics absolute values of the group parameters increase indefinitely, although in some cases they may exhibit a singular behaviour with regions of rapid variations, sudden changes of their values or cusplike singularities. For compact dynamics the group transformation parameters remain bounded and exhibit an oscillatory behaviour as functions of time.
In this work we present a simple and elegant approach to study the adiabatic and nonadiabatic evolution of a generalized damped harmonic oscillator which is described by the generalized Caldirola–Kanai Hamiltonian, in both classical and quantum contexts. Based on time-dependent dynamical invariants, we find that the geometric phase acquired when the damped oscillator evolves adiabatically in time provides a direct connection between the classical Hannay’s angle and the quantum Berry’s phase. In addition, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for this system and calculate various quantum properties of the damped generalized harmonic one, such as coherent states, expectation values of the position and momentum operators, their quantum fluctuations and the associated uncertainty product.
In this study, we discuss the harmonic oscillator with the time-dependent frequency, ω(t), and the mass, M(t), by generalizing the holomorphic coordinates for the harmonic oscillator. In general cases, we solve the Schrödinger equation by reducing it into the Riccati equation and discuss the uncertainties for the quasi-coherent states of the time-dependent harmonic oscillator. In special cases, we find the following results: First, for a time-dependent harmonic oscillator, if [ω(t)M(t)] is constant, then the coherent states will evolve as the coherent states. Second, for the driven harmonic oscillator, the coherent states will evolve as the coherent states with new eigenvalues. Third, we derive quasi-coherent states for the Caldirola–Kanai Hamiltonian and show that the product of uncertainties, ΔxΔp, is larger than minimum value; however, it is constant. We also discuss the classical equations of motion for the system.
The model of a quantum damped oscillator based on the Caldirola-Kanai equation is investigated by exploiting its coherent state basis. It is shown how these coherent states facilitate the derivation of fluid-dynamical equations corresponding to this model in the classical limit. From the conservative form of these equations it is concluded that the system represented by the Caldirola-Kanai equation cannot be considered as the quantum analogue of the classical damped oscillator. This is contrasted with the case of a harmonic oscillator interacting with a heat bath.