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Research in Optical Sciences

Quantum Imaging Using Entangled States by Mixing Quantum and Classical Light

Yonatan Israel, Shamir Rosen, I. Afek, O. Ambar, Yaron R. Silberberg

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that by mixing quantum spontaneous parametric down-conversion with the classical coherent state we can generate robust narrow features for quantum lithography, and high fidelity NOON states and correlated-photon-holes states.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2012.qt4b.3

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We formulate an image-forming optical theory of quantum lithography in which Entangled-photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion play an important role. Our optical system consists of an image-forming system, an illumination system with a second-order nonlinear medium, and two-photon absorbing materials. We evaluate the resolution of the quantum lithography system by using the optical transfer function and show a super-resolving condition which is, however, difficult to achieve.
Quantum lithography achieves phase superresolution using fragile, experimentally challenging entangled states of light. We propose a scalable scheme for creating features narrower than classically achievable with reduced use of quantum resources and, consequently, enhanced resistance to loss. The scheme is an implementation of interferometric lithography using a mixture of a spontaneous parametric down-converted entangled state with intense classical coherent light. We measure coincidences of up to four photons mimicking multiphoton absorption. The results show a narrowing of the interference fringes of up to 30% with respect to the best analogous classical scheme using only 10% of the nonclassical light required for creating NOON states.
We show how to reach high fidelity NOON states with a high count rate inside optical interferometers. Previously, it has been shown that by mixing squeezed and coherent light at a beam splitter, it is possible to generate NOON states of arbitrary N with a fidelity as high as 94%. The scheme is based on higher-order interference between “quantum” down-converted light and “classical” coherent light. However, this requires optimizing the amplitude ratio of classical to quantum light, thereby limiting the overall count rate for the interferometric super-resolution signal. We propose using coherent beam stimulated noncollinear two-mode down-converted light as input to the interferometer. Our scheme is based on the stimulation of noncollinear parametric down conversion by coherent light sources. We get a better flexibility of choosing the amplitude ratio in generating NOON states. This enables super-resolution intensity exceeding the previous scheme by many orders of magnitude. Therefore, we hope to improve the magnitude of N-fold super-resolution in quantum interferometry for arbitrary N using bright light sources. We give improved results for N = 4 and 5.