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Optics and Spectroscopy

Optimization of the power ratios of the bidirectional pumping at two wavelengths for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Yu. A. Varaksa, George V. Sinitsyn, Mikhail A. Khodasevich

Published Apr 1, 2007• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The gain and noise factor spectra of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with pumped according to a copropagating three-level scheme and according to a counterpropagating quasi-two-level scheme in the regime of unsaturated gain in the C band have been simulated numerically. It has been shown that, at the total pump power up to 30 mW and at the optimized power ratio of the copropagating and counterpropagating pumps, the inhomogeneity of the gain in the C band does not exceed 0.25 dB at the noise factor of 4.2–4.7 dB.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x07040169

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The gain and noise factor spectra of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with pumped according to a copropagating three-level scheme and according to a counterpropagating quasi-two-level scheme in the regime of unsaturated gain in the C band have been simulated numerically. It has been shown that, at the total pump power up to 30 mW and at the optimized power ratio of the copropagating and counterpropagating pumps, the inhomogeneity of the gain in the C band does not exceed 0.25 dB at the noise factor of 4.2–4.7 dB.
Two pumping schemes are considered for optical amplifiers based on rare-earth-doped optical fibers in which pump light is fed either along with the signal light (copropagating) or through the opposite end of the fiber (counterpropagating), including the effects of the excited-state absorption (ESA) process. A rate-equation analysis shows that when ESA is absent the signal gain is the same in both pumping schemes, even under gain saturation, whereas when ESA is present the saturated signal gain is larger in the counterpropagating scheme. Independently of ESA the optical signal-to-noise ratio at the amplifier output is the same in both pumping schemes if the dopant behaves as a four-level laser system, and it is larger in the copropagating scheme for a three-level dopant.
"Doping a part of the optical fiber core by (Er3+ ) ions in presence of external pumping power will lead to form the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).The performance of this optical amplifier depends on (the power and the wavelength of the pumping laser, the power and wavelength of the input signal, amplifier length, ion concentration). These parameters will affect the characteristics of EDFA such as amplifier gain, gain saturation, noise figure and output power. However, these characteristics can be determined by solving the EDFA propagation and rate equations. The solution of these equations of two-level laser medium can be done numerically. In this paper, we are proposed a novel method to solve these equations. The reconstructed results are perfectly coincided the well known numerical results.
The gain degradation of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with high erbium ion (Er/sup 3+/) concentration at 1.48- and 0.98- mu m pump wavelengths is modeled by introducing inhomogeneous cooperative up-conversion (IhCU). General formulas describing the gain degradation as a function of IhCU rate are obtained by solving rate equations for population probabilities in the relevant Er/sup 3+/ energy levels. The experimental results, such as low gain for high Er/sup 3+/ concentration, and higher saturated gain with counterpropagation than with copropagation pumping, which have not yet been explained theoretically, are qualitatively explained by this model. Good agreement between the measured and calculated gain is obtained. The gain degradation characteristics at 1.48- and 0.98- mu m pump wavelengths are analyzed with this model. The advantage of counterpropagation pumping is determined qualitatively. The noise figure degradation is also evaluated.>
Doping a part of the optical fiber core by (Er3+ ) ions in presence of external pumping power will lead to form the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).The performance of this optical amplifier depends on (the power and the wavelength of the pumping laser, the power and wavelength of the input signal, amplifier length, ion concentration). These parameters will affect the characteristics of EDFA such as amplifier gain, gain saturation, noise figure and output power. However, these characteristics can be determined by solving the EDFA propagation and rate equations. The solution of these equations of two-level laser medium can be done numerically. In this paper, we are proposed a novel method to solve these equations. The reconstructed results are perfectly coincided the well known numerical results.
We analyze the gain behavior of an optical amplifier that is optically pumped by two counterpropagating beams that are mutually coherent. The pump beams interfere inside the amplifier, resulting in a nonuniform distribution of the pumping. In the low-pump-intensity regions of the amplifier, the medium absorbs, and in the high-pump-intensity regions amplification can be obtained. The combination of the absorbing regions and the amplifying can lead to bistable behavior inside a resonator. The effect was analyzed for three-level gain media applicable to erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers.
In this paper we perform a theoretical study via simulations of both, Cand L-EDFAs dependence on the fiber length. The model used in all the simulations results here introduced is the well-known modeling of erbium ions as a two level homogeneously broadened system. The propagation equations for the light, coupled with the rate equation for the excited state population of the erbium ions, are solved in both possible directions into the fiber. Numerical simulations give the gain and NF of the amplifier for any input signal and pump powers configuration.