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Physical Review A

Calculation of a linear Stark effect on the 254-nm line of Hg

S. K. Lamoreaux, E. Norval Fortson

Published Dec 1, 1992• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An externally applied static electric field, by mixing opposite-parity states, can add electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole transition amplitudes to an allowed electric-dipole transition. The resulting interference among the amplitudes causes the absorption of resonance radiation to depend linearly on the static field and on the atomic polarization state. We present a calculation of this effect for the 254-nm line of Hg where the atomic polarization is specified by the ground-state nuclear spin, and the excited-state hyperfine structure is resolved. Possible experiments to measure this effect are pointed out.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.46.7053

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An externally applied static electric field, by mixing opposite-parity states, can add electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole transition amplitudes to an allowed electric-dipole transition. The resulting interference among the amplitudes causes the absorption of resonance radiation to depend linearly on the static field and on the atomic polarization state. We present a calculation of this effect for the 254-nm line of Hg where the atomic polarization is specified by the ground-state nuclear spin, and the excited-state hyperfine structure is resolved. Possible experiments to measure this effect are pointed out.
We have measured the magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) amplitudes in the D1 transition of rubidium atoms placed in a static electric field, ${\mathit{scrE}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathit{s}}$. The interference of the Stark induced M1 and E2 amplitudes with the normal E1 amplitude gives the atomic absorptivity a linear dependence on ${\mathit{scrE}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathit{s}}$ and on the atomic spin polarization. We find that the fractional change in absorptivity due to the Stark interference is aM1{\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{M}1}aM1​+aE2{\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{E}2}aE2​=(-2.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$ (kV/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
We report on an experimental and theoretical study of the dynamic (ac) Stark effect on a forbidden transition. A general framework for parametrizing and describing off-resonant ac-Stark shifts is presented. A model is developed to calculate spectral line shapes resulting from resonant excitation of atoms in an intense standing light wave in the presence of off-resonant ac-Stark shifts. The model is used in the analysis and interpretation of a measurement of the ac-Stark shifts of the static-electric-field-induced $6{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d6s^{3}D_{1}$ transition at 408nm408\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}408nm in atomic Yb. The results are in agreement with estimates of the ac-Stark shift of the transition under the assumption that the shift is dominated by that of the 6s21S06{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}6s21S0​ ground state. A detailed description of the experiment and analysis is presented. A biproduct of this work is an independent determination (from the saturation behavior of the 408-nm transition) of the Stark transition polarizability, which is found to be in agreement with our earlier measurement. This work is part of the ongoing effort aimed at a precision measurement of atomic parity-violation effects in Yb.
Stark-induced electric dipole amplitudes between states of the same nominal parity can be important in experiments to observe parity nonconservation in atoms. The Stark-induced E1 amplitudes are expressed in terms of an irreducible spherical-tensor decomposition. This formalism is applied to the specific case of transitions between hyperfine sublevels of a single atomic state. It is shown that in the ground states of alkali atoms, such transitions are suppressed by many orders of magnitude relative to naive expectations.
We report measurements of the Stark amplitude coefficients \ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\beta} for the transition 6P1/2{P}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{P}_{1/2}P1/2​ (293 nm) in 205Tl^{205}\mathrm{Tl}205Tl in an external electric field E. \ensuremath{\alpha} is determined by measurement of absorption of 293-nm light at the F=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F=1 resonance in a cell with known electric field and interaction length, and calibrated density. \ensuremath{\beta} is determined from the ratio ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}$/${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}$ of intensities of F=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F=1 and F=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F=0 lines in fluorescence. We obtain \ensuremath{\alpha}=(1.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ cm/V, \ensuremath{\beta}=(1.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ cm/V (where ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ is the electron Bohr magneton). These results indicate substantial shielding by core electrons. \ensuremath{\beta} is combined with previous measurements of Im(scrEP{\mathrm{scrE}}^{P}scrEP/\ensuremath{\beta}), where scrEP{\mathrm{scrE}}_{P}scrEP​ is the parity-nonconserving electric dipole amplitude, to yield scrEP{\mathrm{scrE}}_{P}scrEP​. .AE
Atomic absorption spectra of the He I plasma in the static magnetic field in the absence of laser radiation are different from spectra in the presence of laser radiation. Especially, it has been theoretically predicted that the spectral shift of the satellite line, which is seen in the latter case, does not exist in the former case. In this paper, the effect of three-dimensional high-frequency electric fields on the σ+, σ−, and π components of the allowed 1 1S0-3 1P1 transition and the forbidden 1 1S0-3 1D2 lines in atomic absorption spectra of the He I plasma in a static magnetic field in the absence of a laser beam is investigated from the coupled equations for the probability amplitudes of atomic states. It is shown that they should give rise to a spectral shift of the allowed lines and satellites about forbidden lines. The calculation reveals that the shift is proportional to the mean-square stochastic electric field, and that the ratio of the intensity of the near satellite to that of the far satellite is different from the ratio obtained by the second-order perturbation theory or the three-level rotating-wave approximation. Discussion is given for the validity of this theory.