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Physical Review A

Measurement of a linear Stark interference effect on the rubidiumD1 absorption line

Xu Chen, Frank R. Huang‐Hellinger, B. R. Heckel, E. Norval Fortson

Published Dec 1, 1994• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured the magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) amplitudes in the D1 transition of rubidium atoms placed in a static electric field, ${\mathit{scrE}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathit{s}}$. The interference of the Stark induced M1 and E2 amplitudes with the normal E1 amplitude gives the atomic absorptivity a linear dependence on ${\mathit{scrE}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathit{s}}$ and on the atomic spin polarization. We find that the fractional change in absorptivity due to the Stark interference is ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{M}1}$+${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{E}2}$=(-2.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$ (kV/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.50.4729

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Measurement of Stark amplitudesα,βin the 62 P1/2 → 72 P1/2 transition in atomic thallium

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Physical Review Letters•Jan 27, 1986•28 citations
We have measured the magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) amplitudes in the D1 transition of rubidium atoms placed in a static electric field, scrE\ensuremath→s{\mathit{scrE}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathit{s}}scrE\ensuremath→s​. The interference of the Stark induced M1 and E2 amplitudes with the normal E1 amplitude gives the atomic absorptivity a linear dependence on scrE\ensuremath→s{\mathit{scrE}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathit{s}}scrE\ensuremath→s​ and on the atomic spin polarization. We find that the fractional change in absorptivity due to the Stark interference is aM1{\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{M}1}aM1​+aE2{\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{E}2}aE2​=(-2.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10\ensuremath−8{10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}10\ensuremath−8 (kV/cm)\ensuremath−1{)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1})\ensuremath−1.
Quantum interference between an electric-quadrupole transition and a Stark--induced-dipole-transition amplitude leads to a net orientation of an atomic excited state. When the barium 6s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1S-6s5d 1^{1}1D transition is excited in the presence of an electric field, we find the induced orientation of the 6s5d 1^{1}1D state to be (2.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.59)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$(V/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
An externally applied static electric field, by mixing opposite-parity states, can add electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole transition amplitudes to an allowed electric-dipole transition. The resulting interference among the amplitudes causes the absorption of resonance radiation to depend linearly on the static field and on the atomic polarization state. We present a calculation of this effect for the 254-nm line of Hg where the atomic polarization is specified by the ground-state nuclear spin, and the excited-state hyperfine structure is resolved. Possible experiments to measure this effect are pointed out.
We report here the first observation and measurement of the transition magnetic moment for a strongly forbidden S-S transition of an alkali atom. By using single-photon excitation of the 6S1/2-7S1/2 caesium transition in a quasi-static electric field, we have detected an electronic polarization of the excited state, specific to an interference effect occurring in mixed electric magnetic dipole transitions. Our measurements, independent of the vapour density, indicate that the magnetic dipole amplitude M 1 has the same size as the electric dipole amplitude E1 , induced by an electric field, parallel to the light wave polarization, and equal to 2.62 ± 0.21 V/cm. We also obtain the relative sign of M 1 and E1. Using a theoretical value of E 1 and a well-defined phase convention, we deduce for the magnetic moment of the transition < 7S, 1/ 2 | μ z | 6S, 1/ 2 > = - (4.24 ± 0.34) 10-5 |μB|, in good agreement with a theoretical estimate. This result can also be expressed in terms of the oscillator strength in zero electric field f6S-7S = 4.05 × 10-15, or of the single-photon M1 decay rate Γ 7S-6S = 0.93 x 10-6 s-1.
A measurement of the Stark-induced amplitudes \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\beta} for the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ transition in atomic thallium is reported. Absorption of cw laser light tuned to this transition at 293 nm was compared to absorption of 378-nm cw laser light tuned to the allowed 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ transition. The absorption sample was an intense atomic beam in the presence of a strong electric field. The measured values are \ensuremath{\alpha}=2.01(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/ (V/cm) and \ensuremath{\beta}=1.67(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/ (V/cm), where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ is the Bohr magneton. These results are in agreement with semiempirical theory, but disagree with previous measurements of these amplitudes in this laboratory. A critical analysis of the previous measurement is given to explain the discrepancy. The newly measured value of \ensuremath{\beta} makes it necessary to reinterpret previous measurements of parity nonconservation in the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ transition. In the course of the present experiment, Stark shifts of the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ and 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ transitions were also measured: \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​)=-112(6) kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2 and \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​)=-618(31) kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2. These results are also in good agrement with semiempirical theory.
We report measurements of the Stark amplitude coefficients \ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\beta} for the transition 6P1/2{P}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{P}_{1/2}P1/2​ (293 nm) in 205Tl^{205}\mathrm{Tl}205Tl in an external electric field E. \ensuremath{\alpha} is determined by measurement of absorption of 293-nm light at the F=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F=1 resonance in a cell with known electric field and interaction length, and calibrated density. \ensuremath{\beta} is determined from the ratio ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}$/${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}$ of intensities of F=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F=1 and F=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F=0 lines in fluorescence. We obtain \ensuremath{\alpha}=(1.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ cm/V, \ensuremath{\beta}=(1.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ cm/V (where ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ is the electron Bohr magneton). These results indicate substantial shielding by core electrons. \ensuremath{\beta} is combined with previous measurements of Im(scrEP{\mathrm{scrE}}^{P}scrEP/\ensuremath{\beta}), where scrEP{\mathrm{scrE}}_{P}scrEP​ is the parity-nonconserving electric dipole amplitude, to yield scrEP{\mathrm{scrE}}_{P}scrEP​. .AE