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Physical Review A

Simplified optical quantum-information processing via weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities

Qi Guo, Juan Bai, Liu‐Yong Cheng, Xiao‐Qiang Shao, Hong‐Fu Wang, Shou Zhang

Published May 23, 2011• 89 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a simplified parity meter for photonic qubits with cross-Kerr nonlinearities, homodyne measurement, and some optical elements. Our scheme has lower error probability than the protocol proposed in Nemoto and Munro [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 250502 (2004)]. Based on the present parity meter, we achieve cluster-state preparation, a complete Bell-state analyzer, and quantum teleportation. All of these schemes are nearly deterministic in the regime with little noise and include less optical elements, which makes our schemes more meaningful for large-scale quantum computing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.054303

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We propose a simplified parity meter for photonic qubits with cross-Kerr nonlinearities, homodyne measurement, and some optical elements. Our scheme has lower error probability than the protocol proposed in Nemoto and Munro [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 250502 (2004)]. Based on the present parity meter, we achieve cluster-state preparation, a complete Bell-state analyzer, and quantum teleportation. All of these schemes are nearly deterministic in the regime with little noise and include less optical elements, which makes our schemes more meaningful for large-scale quantum computing.
We propose a method to construct an optical cluster-state analyzer based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity combined with linear optics elements. In the scheme, we employ two four-qubit parity gates and the controlled phase gate (CPG) from only the cross-Kerr nonlinearity and show that all the orthogonal four-qubit cluster states can be completely identified. The scheme is significant for the large-scale quantum communication and quantum information processing networks. In addition, the scheme is feasible and deterministic under current experimental conditions.
Processing information quantum mechanically is known to enable new communication and computational scenarios that cannot be accessed with conventional information technology (IT). It is known that such quantum processing can be performed with linear optical techniques, measurement and feed-forward. However, here the gates are intrinsically probabilistic and so scaling up such an approach requires considerable qubit resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr non-linearities and highly efficient homodyne measurements. This approach enables a parity gate between optical qubits, mediated by an additional optical probe mode, enabling near-deterministic Bell state measurement and entangling gates. Our approach is therefore the basis for very efficient, scalable optical QIP, and provides a natural method for distributing such processing, combining it with quantum communication.
Scheme for teleporting an unknown single-qubit photonic state is revisited. With the help of quantum nonde-molition measurements, the scheme now can be achieved in an almost deterministic way. The weak-cross-Kerrnonlinearities-based quantum nondemolition measurement acts as an entangler as well as the Bell-state analyzer, and thus plays a similar role as the CNOT gate in the teleportation process. This improvement makes the present scheme more efficient than the schemes using nonunitary projective measurements and feasible with the current experimental technology.
A scheme for teleporting an unknown single-qubit photonic state in a nearly deterministic and controlled manner is proposed via the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities.The functions of the complicated CNOT operations and Bell-state analysis can be realized easily with the help of quantum nondemolition measurement technique.This improvement makes the present scheme more efficient than the schemes using nonunitaxy projective measurements.Discussions about this scheme show that it is feasible with the current experimental technology in optics.
A scheme is proposed for generating a polarization four-photon cluster state based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Compared with the existing schemes, the distinct feature of the present scheme would be its preparation with near-perfect fidelity due to homodyne measurement on the probe mode. After the probe mode interacts successively with multiple signal-mode photons, sixteen terms about the signal modes can be divided into four groups with the help of homodyne measurement. Each group can be transformed into the cluster state through the appropriate local operations. Thus the present scheme has a high success probability. Because it is difficult to obtain deterministic single-photon sources for current experimental technology, the realistic success probability is rather low but is preponderant in contrast to the existing schemes.