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Physica Scripta

Double-control coherent absorption and transparency in a six-level optical gain medium

Saswata Ghosh, Swapan Mandal

Published Oct 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The application of two coupling/pump fields to an M-type six-level atomic system in order to manipulate the probe response is suggested in this paper. With the inverted population condition the analytical formulation of the probe response is examined under the purview of coupling field-induced double-control quantum interference effects at different detunings. In particular, we report electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency via controlling the driving contribution of two coupling fields on different probe transitions. These driving contributions of the two coupling fields rely on lower-level hyperfine coherence, detuning and strength.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/84/04/045405

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Sep 8, 2017•8 citations
The application of two coupling/pump fields to an M-type six-level atomic system in order to manipulate the probe response is suggested in this paper. With the inverted population condition the analytical formulation of the probe response is examined under the purview of coupling field-induced double-control quantum interference effects at different detunings. In particular, we report electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency via controlling the driving contribution of two coupling fields on different probe transitions. These driving contributions of the two coupling fields rely on lower-level hyperfine coherence, detuning and strength.
A new scheme is suggested to manipulate the probe transitions (and hence the optical properties of atomic vapors) via double-control destructive and constructive quantum interferences. The influence of phase coherence between the two control transitions on the probe transition is also studied. The most remarkable feature of the present scheme is that the optical properties (absorption, transparency and dispersion) of an atomic system can be manipulated using this double-control multi-pathway interferences (multiple routes to excitation). It is also shown that a four-level system will exhibit a two-level resonant absorption because the two control levels (driven by the two control fields) form a dark state (and hence a destructive quantum interference occurs between the two control transitions). However, the present four-level system will exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency to the probe field when the three lower levels (including the probe level and the two control levels) form a three-level dark state. The present scenario has potential applications in new devices (e.g. logic gates and sensitive optical switches) and new techniques (e.g. quantum coherent information storage).
A detailed analytical description of a Doppler-free probe response (absorption and dispersion) is presented for a coherently prepared four-level atomic tripod driven by two coupling fields. Under the density matrix formalism the field-dependent and field-independent coherence are introduced through the off-diagonal matrix elements. Field-dependent coherence appears due to the interference between the probability amplitudes of finding the atom in energy levels associated with the allowed transition, while field-independent phases measure the atomic coherence for a coherently prepared lower state triplet. The double-control coherent effects on the probe response are investigated by controlling the relative driving contribution (coherence) of the two coupling fields, whereas the driving contribution can be controlled by the use of field-independent coherence, along with two coupling parameters like Rabi frequency and detuning of the respective coupling field. We report on the possibility of modifying the Rabi splitting into a perfect electromagnetically induced transparent window at probe resonance by a coherent double-control mechanism in an on-resonance coupling situation. Moreover, for off-resonance coupling, we exhibit the enhancement of multiphoton (two- or three-photon) absorption via coherent control of multiresonance processes.
Abstract This paper describes a theoretical study of the optical responses of an atomic medium to the probe field in a four-level (Δ + ∇)-type closed-contour interaction system driven by two pump laser fields (P1, P2), one probe laser field (Pr) and two microwave or radio frequency (RF) coupling fields (L, U). Here, L and U are considered to connect the forbidden electric dipole transitions, i.e. two hyperfine ground states of the Δ subsystem and two hyperfine excited states of the ∇ subsystem, respectively. Since each subsystem is a closed-loop system, relative phases are thought to be present between the optical fields (pump and probe fields), and the microwave or RF fields. The manipulation of the quantum coherence of the system by the strengths of coupling fields along with the relative phases is demonstrated in terms of the changes occurring in the absorption of the probe field by the medium. The probe absorption and dispersion profiles are extracted by numerically solving the optical Bloch equations for the system under steady-state conditions. In this study, we start by illuminating the system with the probe only, and then, by applying the pump fields and the coupling fields one by one, the changes in the absorptive and dispersive probe line profiles are investigated for two distinct cases that depend on the relative strengths of the pump fields, e.g. when P2 is stronger than P1 and vice versa. Furthermore, the individual effects of the strengths and phases of the coupling fields on the probe absorption, transparency and amplification are also explored for both cases. All the changes that appear in the probe signal as a result of the application of different fields are explained by the modified interaction fields or the corresponding effective Rabi frequencies obtained from the partial dressed-state analysis.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
We have studied nonlinear quantum optical effects in a doubly driven four-level atomic system in a homogeneously broadened regime. On application of two strong fields the system can be made to display double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) because of constructive quantum interference giving rise to nonlinear absorption at three-photon resonance condition. This fact may be used to obtain other phenomena like the effect of photon switching in a pulsed regime and large cross phase modulation (XPM) effect. We also show that the behaviour of spatial modulation of transparency of the weak probe beam in a three-level system interacted with a strong standing wave pump field can be dramatically changed in our four-level ladder type system. Here, strong coupling field acting on the uppermost transition is represented by a standing wave whereas strong pump and weak probe fields acting successively on the lower transitions are represented by travelling waves. The effect of double EIT on nonlinear light generation based on the four-wave-mixing (FWM) technique is also investigated. We have examined that the four wave mixing efficiency can be effectively controlled by varying the strength of the pump field.
Abstract The absorption features of a probe field propagating through a four-level N-type atomic system in the presence of two coherent radiation fields is studied analytically by using a density matrix formulation. The system has two ground levels and two excited levels. A weak probe laser couples the upper ground level to the lower excited level whereas a strong control field connects the lower ground level to the lower excited level. The coupling field acts between the upper ground level and the upper excited level. The transition parameters of the 87 Rb D 1 line have been used to simulate the probe response. The simulated probe absorption shows a gain-like structure depending on the relative field intensities. The spectral features of the probe response exhibit substantial differences under thermal averaging as compared to a Doppler-free condition. The splitting of simulated probe absorption can be explained by the dressed state model. Electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is observed in the simulated probe response curve when the spontaneous decay of the population from the uppermost excited state to the lower ground state is absent.