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Reviews of Modern Physics

Effect of Microwaves on Josephson Currents in Superconducting Tunneling

Sidney Shapiro, ANDRE R. JANUS, Sándor Holly

Published Jan 1, 1964• 236 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/revmodphys.36.223

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Superconducting tunnel diodes (SISs) are investigated for both the generation and detection of submillimeter wavelengths. For detection, heterodyne receivers using SISs are investigated. Josephson currents are found to have a large effect on SIS mixers in the submillimeter, even though their effect is less at lower frequencies. At 492 GHz, fixer conversion gain increased by 4 dB when Josephson currents are not suppressed by a magnetic field. A much higher noise is seen in this gain mode, but further investigation of this recently discovered phenomenon is warranted. For submillimeter generation, a two-dimensional array of SISs is investigated. The ac Josephson effect in the SIS is expected to deliver submillimeter power into a free-space radiation mode traveling perpendicular to the array. No experimental devices have been developed yet, but the authors show computer simulations and microwave scale model measurements of array structures.

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The authors report on measurements performed on integrated superconducting devices based on arrays of long Josephson tunnel junctions operating in the resonant fluxon oscillation regime (i.e. biased on the zero field steps). The electromagnetic coupling among the junctions causes a mutual phase-locking of the fluxon oscillations with a corresponding increase of the emitted power and a decrease of the signal linewidth. This phase-locked state can be controlled by means of an external DC bias current and magnetic field. The effect of the generated microwave signal has been observed on a small Josephson tunnel junction coupled to the array via a microstrip transmission line. The feasibility of the reported devices as local oscillators in an integrated microwave Josephson receiver is discussed.>

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Microwave Generation using a SNS Junction

Adir M Luiz, R. Nicolsky

It has been shown recently that the current-voltage characteristic of a metallic (non-tunneling) Josephson junction could exhibit a negative differential resistance at low voltages, as a predictable and reproducible effect. This letter shows an alternative procedure to generate non-Josephson microwaves (in the cm and mm range) taking advantage of this effect. It is shown that, instead of obtaining harmonic oscillations with the AC Josephson effect, it is possible to generate microwaves using the averaged IVC (current-voltage characteristics) of a SNS junction (a Josephson junction which exhibits no tunneling and has no hysteresis in the IVC).

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Jun 1, 1991•8 citations

The effect of junction resistance on coupling between the microwave and the Josephson tunneling junction

F. S. Liu, Heng Wu

•May 1, 1978•0 citations
Superconducting tunnel diodes (SISs) are investigated for both the generation and detection of submillimeter wavelengths. For detection, heterodyne receivers using SISs are investigated. Josephson currents are found to have a large effect on SIS mixers in the submillimeter, even though their effect is less at lower frequencies. At 492 GHz, fixer conversion gain increased by 4 dB when Josephson currents are not suppressed by a magnetic field. A much higher noise is seen in this gain mode, but further investigation of this recently discovered phenomenon is warranted. For submillimeter generation, a two-dimensional array of SISs is investigated. The ac Josephson effect in the SIS is expected to deliver submillimeter power into a free-space radiation mode traveling perpendicular to the array. No experimental devices have been developed yet, but the authors show computer simulations and microwave scale model measurements of array structures.
The authors report on measurements performed on integrated superconducting devices based on arrays of long Josephson tunnel junctions operating in the resonant fluxon oscillation regime (i.e. biased on the zero field steps). The electromagnetic coupling among the junctions causes a mutual phase-locking of the fluxon oscillations with a corresponding increase of the emitted power and a decrease of the signal linewidth. This phase-locked state can be controlled by means of an external DC bias current and magnetic field. The effect of the generated microwave signal has been observed on a small Josephson tunnel junction coupled to the array via a microstrip transmission line. The feasibility of the reported devices as local oscillators in an integrated microwave Josephson receiver is discussed.>
It has been shown recently that the current-voltage characteristic of a metallic (non-tunneling) Josephson junction could exhibit a negative differential resistance at low voltages, as a predictable and reproducible effect. This letter shows an alternative procedure to generate non-Josephson microwaves (in the cm and mm range) taking advantage of this effect. It is shown that, instead of obtaining harmonic oscillations with the AC Josephson effect, it is possible to generate microwaves using the averaged IVC (current-voltage characteristics) of a SNS junction (a Josephson junction which exhibits no tunneling and has no hysteresis in the IVC).