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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Superluminescent diode excitation of femtosecond accumulated photon echoes

Ryuzi Yano, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masashi Okada, Sadao Uemura

Published May 1, 1991• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a superluminescent diode, we observed femtosecond accumulated photon echoes in 1, 1′-diethyl-4, 4′-quinodicarbocyanine iodide embedded in polyvinyl acetate. The output of the superluminescent diode directly excited the sample to produce photon echoes. By using a simple experimental system we obtained a temporal resolution as high as 100 fsec. This resolution is determined by the spectral width of the superluminescent diode and the noncollinear excitation beam configuration of the system.

DOI
10.1364/josab.8.001093

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International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena•Jan 1, 1986•0 citations
Using a superluminescent diode, we observed femtosecond accumulated photon echoes in 1, 1′-diethyl-4, 4′-quinodicarbocyanine iodide embedded in polyvinyl acetate. The output of the superluminescent diode directly excited the sample to produce photon echoes. By using a simple experimental system we obtained a temporal resolution as high as 100 fsec. This resolution is determined by the spectral width of the superluminescent diode and the noncollinear excitation beam configuration of the system.
Accumulated photon echoes have been observed by use of a light-emitting diode. This is to our knowledge the first observation of photon echoes that are excited by a nonlaser light source. In the incoherent-light photon echo, the time resolution is equal to the inverse of the overall spectral width of the excitation light. Therefore we can easily get a high time resolution by using nonlaser light with a broad spectrum. Moreover the use of nonlaser light in the photon-echo experiment will extend the technique into wavelength regions where lasers are not currently available.
Accumulated photon echoes were observed in Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+-doped silicate glass by using coherent and incoherent light, and it was theoretically and experimentally verified that the time resolution is determined not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field. Even by using a cw laser, instead of a mode-locked laser, a subpicosecond time resolution was obtained when it was operated with a broad and smooth spectrum. The broadest output spectrum, and hence the highest time resolution, was attained when the dye laser was pumped by a mode-locked Ar+{\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}Ar+ laser, and their cavity lengths were mismatched by a few \ensuremath{\mu}m. In an experiment with a resolution time of 220 fsec, a new very fast decay was observed in the echo decay curve besides a slower decay already reported.
Since the first observation of accumulated photon echoes by Hesslink and Wiersna [1], nearly transform-limited mode-locked pulse trains have been used as the excitation source, and the resolution times have been limited by the widths of the pulses. In this paper we show theoretically and experimentally that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echoes is determine not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field [2]. This indicates that it is possible to obtain a sub-picosecond resolution in accumulated photon echoes Sven by using a cw laser (non-mode-locked), if the laser output has a sufficiently broad and smooth spectrum.
The time resolution of a heterodyne-detected accumulated photon echo has been improved significantly by using a dye laser whose lasing frequency is repetitively scanned. A time resolution of less than 30 fsec was obtained, even with a non-mode-locked cw dye laser. This technique is applicable provided that the absorption recovery time of the sample is longer than the repetition period of the frequency-scanning dye laser. The absorption recovery times of several dyes that were doped with polyvinyl alcohol have also been measured.
It has been recently pointed out that incoherent light can be used to generate coherent optical transients and that there are decided advantages in using such broad-band non-laser source to achieve very high time resolution {1,2}. When a light pulse and its time-delayed replica interact with a sample to produce the non-linear optical response, the ultimate time resolution should identify with the correlation time τC of the light field rather than with the pulse duration τL. The situation where τC ≪ τL is easily obtained with broad-band incoherent light sources. Time resolution in the femtosecond range is then attainable using nanosecond light pulses. This has been recently demonstrated through the observation of the relaxation of photon echoes in Nd3+-doped silicate glass {1,2}. In these cases, attention is focused on the measurement of fast homogeneous decay rates and the inhomogeneous broadening ΩD is assumed to be much larger than the spectral width of the excitation light.