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Optics Communications

A pyramidal magneto-optical trap as a source of slow atoms

J. Arlt, Onofrio M. Maragò, S. C. Webster, S. A. Hopkins, Christopher J. Foot

Published Dec 1, 1998• 66 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0030-4018(98)00499-4

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An intense cold-atom beam source based on a modified pyramidal magneto-optical trap has been developed and characterized. We have produced a slow beam of cold cesium atoms with a continuous flux of 2.2× 109 atoms/s at a mean velocity of 15 m/s and with a divergence of 15 mrad. The corresponding radiant intensity is 1.2×1013 atom s-1 sr-1. We have characterized the performance of our beam source over a range of operating conditions, and the measured values for atom flux, mean velocity, and divergence are in good agreement with results from detailed Monte Carlo numerical simulations.
We have integrated magneto-optical traps (MOTs) into an atom chip by etching pyramids into a silicon wafer. These have been used to trap atoms on the chip, directly from a room temperature vapor of rubidium. This new atom trapping method provides a simple way to integrate several atom sources on the same chip. It represents a substantial advance in atom chip technology and offers new possibilities for atom chip applications such as integrated single atom or photon sources and molecules on a chip.
In order to scale up quantum computing, a scalable experimental architecture is needed, with the trapped-ion quantum computing platform; this has led to the implementation of surface ion traps. Despite being more performant than the older linear Paul trap design, they suffer from a lower trap depth. This reduces not only the probability of ion capture but also increases the dependency on the vacuum quality. Therefore, clean, cold, compact and robust atom sources are needed for the next generation of ion-trap-based quantum computers. Within the scope of this thesis, a repumped 3D magneto-optical trap (MOT) for the 40Ca species with a loading time of 1 s was demonstrated. Furthermore, we have also shown the ability to measure the performance of cold atom sources by resolving different Calcium isotopes via photoionisation detection. Finally, we demonstrate a novel and compact pyramid MOT design, which was tested and verified for 40Ca. The presented magneto-optical trap design can be integrated into other quantum computing experiments.