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Academic Symposium on Optoelectronics and Microelectronics Technology and Chinese-Russian Symposium on Laser Physics and Laser TechnologyOptoelectronics Technology

Optical bistability of Tm, Ho:YLF laser due to ground state reabsorption and energy transfer upconversion

Xinlu Zhang, Bo Jiang, Guang-Zong Dong, Yu-Feng Peng, Li Li, Jinhui Cui

Published Jul 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The optical bistability of Tm, Ho:YLF laser is theoretically investigated based on the rate equation theory model in this paper. The optical bistability output is obtained by numerical simulation, and the influence of energy transfer upconversion on the bistability behavior is analyzed. Furthermore, the formation scheme of optical bistability is also discussed by the relation between the gain and the loss. The theoretical analysis shows that the saturation of ground state reabsorption and energy transfer upconversion effect are necessary to the optical bistability of Tm, Ho:YLF laser.

DOI
10.1109/rcslplt.2010.5615351

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The optical bistability of Tm, Ho:YLF laser is theoretically investigated based on the rate equation theory model in this paper. The optical bistability output is obtained by numerical simulation, and the influence of energy transfer upconversion on the bistability behavior is analyzed. Furthermore, the formation scheme of optical bistability is also discussed by the relation between the gain and the loss. The theoretical analysis shows that the saturation of ground state reabsorption and energy transfer upconversion effect are necessary to the optical bistability of Tm, Ho:YLF laser.
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We experimentally demonstrate strong optical bistability in a 2 μm continuous wave Tm,Ho:YLF laser with a bulk crystal. The laser is end-pumped by a 792 nm fiber-coupled laser diode. The bistable region is as wide as 1.6 W and the jump power at the turning point is as high as 82.5 mW when the temperature of the laser crystal is kept at 253 K. The influences of the cavity length and the transmission of the output coupler on the characteristics of optical bistability are obtained. The theoretical analysis shows that the bistable output in the Tm,Ho:YLF lasers comes from the combined effects of the nonlinear saturation of ground state reabsorption, the energy transfer upconversion, and the excited state absorption.
We first investigate the polarization coexistence and switching between the orthogonal π- and σ-polarization states in a free running optical bistability Tm,Ho:LLF laser. The output performances of the optical bistability Tm,Ho:LLF laser is numerically simulated, based on a new rate equation theory model taking into account the influences of polarization-dependent gain and losses. The simulation results show the polarization coexistence and switching of output laser in the process of decreasing pump power. The physical mechanism of polarization coexistence and switching is clarified by analyzing the polarization-dependent net-gain coefficients. Furthermore, the polarization coexistence and switching are experimentally realized in the optical bistability Tm,Ho:LLF laser, which validates the theoretical analysis. The theoretical model can be applied to analyze the polarization coexistence and switching in other kinds of (quasi-) three-level optical bistable lasers.
We demonstrate strong optical bistability in a 2 microm continuous-wave Tm,Ho:YLF laser pumped by a 792 nm laser diode near room temperature. The bistable region is as much as 100 mW wide at 283 K and can be controlled by the temperature of the laser crystal. The influence of crystal temperature on the characteristics of optical bistability is obtained. The influence of the pump-to-mode ratio on the bistable characteristics of the laser is also discussed. To our knowledge this is the first report of optical bistability effects in Tm,Ho:YLF lasers.
We predict and theoretically study intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) mediated by nonlinear energy transfer processes in rare-earth-doped laser-related crystals. In particular, we investigate Tm-Ho and Tm-Yb systems, in which avalanche pumping is overimposed by energy transfer up-conversion. We predict that IOB can be experimentally observed in (Tm,Yb):BaY2F8(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{m},\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{b}):{\mathrm{BaY}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{8}(Tm,Yb):BaY2​F8​ crystals in a wide range of experimentally achievable parameters.