Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Photon-subtracted squeezed coherent state: nonclassicality and decoherence in thermal environment

Zhen Wang, Xiang‐Guo Meng, Hong-Yi Fan

Published Feb 22, 2012• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce the photon-subtracted squeezed coherent state (PSSCS), which is theoretically constructed by repeatedly subtracting photons from the squeezed coherent state (SCS) with squeezing parameter r and displacement amplitude α=|α|eiφ. Employing the normal ordering form of density operator of the SCS, we study the nonclassicality of the PSSCS by analyzing Mandel’s Q-parameter, quadratures squeezing, photon-number distribution (PND), and Wigner function (WF). We find that the PND in a PSSCS is a periodic function of φ with a period π and exhibits more remarkable oscillations than that of a SCS in the case of strong squeezing. The partial negative region of the WF is sensitive to r and |α|. The fidelity between PSSCS and SCS is analyzed, which manifests that larger photon subtraction number may result in lower fidelity. By virtue of the thermal entangled state representation the decoherence of the PSSCS in thermal environment is studied through the time evolution of the WF. The negative volume of the WF gradually diminishes with the increase of evolution time and thermal photon number, respectively. The study of the PSSCS shows that generating new photon-number-controllable nonclassical states from a weak coherent light may be realized by subtracting suitable photons from a SCS.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.000397

Related papers

Photon-subtracted squeezed thermal state: Nonclassicality and decoherence

Liyun Hu, Xue-xiang Xu, Zisheng Wang +1 more

We investigate nonclassical properties of the field states generated by subtracting any number of photons from the squeezed thermal state (STS). It is found that the normalization factor of photon-subtracted STS (PSSTS) is a Legendre polynomial of squeezing parameter $r$ and average photon number $\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ of the thermal state. Expressions of several quasiprobability distributions of PSSTS are derived analytically. Furthermore, the nonclassicality is discussed in terms of the negativity of the Wigner function (WF). It is shown that the WF of single PSSTS always has negative values if $\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}<\mathrm{sinh}{}^{2}r$ at the phase space center. The decoherence effect on PSSTS is then included by analytically deriving the time evolution of WF. The results show that the WF of single PSSTS has negative value if $2\ensuremath{\kappa}t<\mathrm{ln}{1\ensuremath{-}(2\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}+1)(\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{sinh}{}^{2}r)/[(2\mathfrak{N}+1)(\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}\mathrm{cosh}2r+\mathrm{sinh}{}^{2}r)]}$, which is dependent not only on average number $\mathfrak{N}$ of thermal photons in the environment, but also on $\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ and $r$.

arXiv:1008.5256•Physical Review A•Oct 29, 2010•115 citations

Nonclassical properties and decoherence of fields in photon-added squeezing-enhanced thermal states

Zhen Wang, Xiang‐Gao Meng, Heng-Mei Li +1 more

We put forward the photon-added squeezing-enhanced thermal states (PASETS) theoretically by adding photon to the squeezed enhancing thermal states (SETS) repeatedly. Based on the normally ordered density operator of PASETS, we investigate the nonclassical behavior of the PASETS by evaluating, both analytically and numerically, Mandel's Q-parameter, photon-number distribution (PND), and Wigner function (WF). It is found that smaller squeezing parameter r and thermal photon number nc can lead to more chance of the appearance of sub-Poissonian statistics. And it is shown that the PND of PASETS exhibit more remarkable oscillations than that of SETS in stronger squeezing case. The WF exhibit partial negativity in phase space and the squeezing parameter r can result in both squeezing and rotating effect. By investigating the fidelity between PASETS and SETS shows that the fidelity tender to steady values in the high value of squeezing parameter or thermal photon number. In addition, the decoherence effect on the PASETS is examined by the time-evolution of the analytical WF in thermal channel. The results show that the PASETS shall lose nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity and reduce to classical states with Gaussian distribution after sufficient time interaction with the thermal noise. And larger photon-added number or thermal photon number shall render shorter decoherence time.

International Journal of Modern Physics B•Apr 29, 2014•9 citations

Photon-number distributions of non-Gaussian states generated by photon subtraction and addition

Shuai Wang, Hong-Yi Fan, Liyun Hu

We study the photon-number distributions (PND) of non-Gaussian states generated by subtracting m photons from or adding m photons to a displacement squeezed thermal state (DSTS). Compared with the PND of DSTS, PND of both m-photon-subtracted DSTS (PSDSTS) and m-photon-added DSTS (PADSTS) are modulated by a factor that is a monotonically increasing function of n, the photonnumber in the resulting non-Gaussian states. And the photon subtraction or addition essentially shifts the PND. We further demonstrate that both PND are periodic functions of the compound phase ϕ−θ/2 involved in complex squeezing and displacement parameters with a period πand exhibit more remarkable oscillations than that of DSTS. In the case of small squeezing and weak coherence, we investigate the negativity of Mandel’s Q parameter and the properties of PND of both PSDSTS and PADSTS. Our results indicate that generating new photon-number-controllable nonclassical states from a squeezed light with coherent component is effective by multiple-photon subtraction or addition when ϕ−θ/2=π/2.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 23, 2012•16 citations

Nonclassical properties of photon-added two-mode squeezed thermal states and their decoherence in the thermal channel

Xiang‐Guo Meng, Zhen Wang, Hong-Yi Fan +2 more

We investigate nonclassicality and decoherence of field states generated with the non-Gaussian operation of photon addition to a two-mode squeezed thermal state (TSTS) using the normally ordered density operator of the photon-added TSTS (PTSTS). The normalization factor of the PTSTS is just a Jacobi polynomial of the squeezing parameter γ and the average photon number n¯ of the thermal field. We show that the fields in such states exhibit remarkable quantum features, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics, the anti-bunching effect, and photon-number distribution. The nonclassicality is discussed in phase space based on the partial negativity of the Wigner function (WF) with two-variable Hermite polynomials. The results show that the non-Gaussian WF always exhibits the quantum interference structure caused by the two-mode squeezing operation and has some negative regions for any value of n¯, γ, and the photon-addition numbers m, n. In addition, the effect of decoherence on the PTSTS in the thermal channel is studied by analytically deriving the time-evolution WF. We find that the WF becomes Gaussian (corresponding to a classical thermal state) at long times, losing its nonclassicality as a result of decoherence, and a larger m (or n) leads to a longer decoherence time κt.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jun 29, 2012•40 citations

Coherent operation of photon subtraction and addition for squeezed thermal states: analysis of nonclassicality and decoherence

Shuai Wang, Xue-xiang Xu, Hong‐Chun Yuan +2 more

We study nonclassical properties of the optical field when photon subtraction/addition coherent operation ta+ra† (|t|2+|r|2=1) acts on a squeezed thermal state (STS) by examining its quadrature squeezing, sub-Poissonian statistics, and negativity of the Wigner function. The degree of squeezing of the coherent operated squeezed thermal state (COSTS) becomes weaker. The Mandel Q parameter decreases with r and quickly becomes negative, which implies sub-Poissonian statistics. Both the negative dip and negative area of the Wigner function increase with r for small squeezing values of κ. Decoherence of the COSTS in an amplitude-damping channel is studied by the time evolution of the Wigner function. The length of time that this nonclassical field preserves its partial negativity of the Wigner function can be modulated by the coherent operation. All these results indicate that the nonclassicality of the STS is sensitive to the coherent operation.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Aug 15, 2011•10 citations

Statistical properties and decoherence in a thermal channel of photon-excited squeezed coherent states

Zhen Wang, Xiang‐Guo Meng, Hong-Yi Fan

In this paper, photon-excited squeezed coherent states (PESCS) are studied theoretically by adding a photon to the squeezed coherent states repeatedly. By taking advantage of the normally ordered form of the density operator for PESCS, the analytical expressions of the normalization constant, Mandel Q -parameter, photon-number distribution, quadrature squeezing and Wigner function are derived and discussed in detail, and from these the sub-Poissonian photon statistics, photon-number oscillations, negative value of quadrature squeezing, and partial negativity and non-Gaussian distribution of a Wigner function are demonstrated, respectively. These criteria well exhibit the highly nonclassical properties and non-Gaussianity of PESCS. In addition, by deriving the normally ordered form of the density operator and Wigner function for PESCS in a thermal channel, the decoherence process of PESCS is analyzed both analytically and numerically.

Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Mar 14, 2013•3 citations
We introduce the photon-subtracted squeezed coherent state (PSSCS), which is theoretically constructed by repeatedly subtracting photons from the squeezed coherent state (SCS) with squeezing parameter r and displacement amplitude α=|α|eiφ. Employing the normal ordering form of density operator of the SCS, we study the nonclassicality of the PSSCS by analyzing Mandel’s Q-parameter, quadratures squeezing, photon-number distribution (PND), and Wigner function (WF). We find that the PND in a PSSCS is a periodic function of φ with a period π and exhibits more remarkable oscillations than that of a SCS in the case of strong squeezing. The partial negative region of the WF is sensitive to r and |α|. The fidelity between PSSCS and SCS is analyzed, which manifests that larger photon subtraction number may result in lower fidelity. By virtue of the thermal entangled state representation the decoherence of the PSSCS in thermal environment is studied through the time evolution of the WF. The negative volume of the WF gradually diminishes with the increase of evolution time and thermal photon number, respectively. The study of the PSSCS shows that generating new photon-number-controllable nonclassical states from a weak coherent light may be realized by subtracting suitable photons from a SCS.
We investigate nonclassical properties of the field states generated by subtracting any number of photons from the squeezed thermal state (STS). It is found that the normalization factor of photon-subtracted STS (PSSTS) is a Legendre polynomial of squeezing parameter rrr and average photon number $\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ of the thermal state. Expressions of several quasiprobability distributions of PSSTS are derived analytically. Furthermore, the nonclassicality is discussed in terms of the negativity of the Wigner function (WF). It is shown that the WF of single PSSTS always has negative values if $\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}<\mathrm{sinh}{}^{2}r$ at the phase space center. The decoherence effect on PSSTS is then included by analytically deriving the time evolution of WF. The results show that the WF of single PSSTS has negative value if $2\ensuremath{\kappa}t<\mathrm{ln}{1\ensuremath{-}(2\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}+1)(\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{sinh}{}^{2}r)/[(2\mathfrak{N}+1)(\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}\mathrm{cosh}2r+\mathrm{sinh}{}^{2}r)]}$, which is dependent not only on average number N\mathfrak{N}N of thermal photons in the environment, but also on $\mathrm{n\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ and rrr.
We put forward the photon-added squeezing-enhanced thermal states (PASETS) theoretically by adding photon to the squeezed enhancing thermal states (SETS) repeatedly. Based on the normally ordered density operator of PASETS, we investigate the nonclassical behavior of the PASETS by evaluating, both analytically and numerically, Mandel's Q-parameter, photon-number distribution (PND), and Wigner function (WF). It is found that smaller squeezing parameter r and thermal photon number nc can lead to more chance of the appearance of sub-Poissonian statistics. And it is shown that the PND of PASETS exhibit more remarkable oscillations than that of SETS in stronger squeezing case. The WF exhibit partial negativity in phase space and the squeezing parameter r can result in both squeezing and rotating effect. By investigating the fidelity between PASETS and SETS shows that the fidelity tender to steady values in the high value of squeezing parameter or thermal photon number. In addition, the decoherence effect on the PASETS is examined by the time-evolution of the analytical WF in thermal channel. The results show that the PASETS shall lose nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity and reduce to classical states with Gaussian distribution after sufficient time interaction with the thermal noise. And larger photon-added number or thermal photon number shall render shorter decoherence time.
We study the photon-number distributions (PND) of non-Gaussian states generated by subtracting m photons from or adding m photons to a displacement squeezed thermal state (DSTS). Compared with the PND of DSTS, PND of both m-photon-subtracted DSTS (PSDSTS) and m-photon-added DSTS (PADSTS) are modulated by a factor that is a monotonically increasing function of n, the photonnumber in the resulting non-Gaussian states. And the photon subtraction or addition essentially shifts the PND. We further demonstrate that both PND are periodic functions of the compound phase ϕ−θ/2 involved in complex squeezing and displacement parameters with a period πand exhibit more remarkable oscillations than that of DSTS. In the case of small squeezing and weak coherence, we investigate the negativity of Mandel’s Q parameter and the properties of PND of both PSDSTS and PADSTS. Our results indicate that generating new photon-number-controllable nonclassical states from a squeezed light with coherent component is effective by multiple-photon subtraction or addition when ϕ−θ/2=π/2.
We investigate nonclassicality and decoherence of field states generated with the non-Gaussian operation of photon addition to a two-mode squeezed thermal state (TSTS) using the normally ordered density operator of the photon-added TSTS (PTSTS). The normalization factor of the PTSTS is just a Jacobi polynomial of the squeezing parameter γ and the average photon number n¯ of the thermal field. We show that the fields in such states exhibit remarkable quantum features, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics, the anti-bunching effect, and photon-number distribution. The nonclassicality is discussed in phase space based on the partial negativity of the Wigner function (WF) with two-variable Hermite polynomials. The results show that the non-Gaussian WF always exhibits the quantum interference structure caused by the two-mode squeezing operation and has some negative regions for any value of n¯, γ, and the photon-addition numbers m, n. In addition, the effect of decoherence on the PTSTS in the thermal channel is studied by analytically deriving the time-evolution WF. We find that the WF becomes Gaussian (corresponding to a classical thermal state) at long times, losing its nonclassicality as a result of decoherence, and a larger m (or n) leads to a longer decoherence time κt.
We study nonclassical properties of the optical field when photon subtraction/addition coherent operation ta+ra† (|t|2+|r|2=1) acts on a squeezed thermal state (STS) by examining its quadrature squeezing, sub-Poissonian statistics, and negativity of the Wigner function. The degree of squeezing of the coherent operated squeezed thermal state (COSTS) becomes weaker. The Mandel Q parameter decreases with r and quickly becomes negative, which implies sub-Poissonian statistics. Both the negative dip and negative area of the Wigner function increase with r for small squeezing values of κ. Decoherence of the COSTS in an amplitude-damping channel is studied by the time evolution of the Wigner function. The length of time that this nonclassical field preserves its partial negativity of the Wigner function can be modulated by the coherent operation. All these results indicate that the nonclassicality of the STS is sensitive to the coherent operation.
In this paper, photon-excited squeezed coherent states (PESCS) are studied theoretically by adding a photon to the squeezed coherent states repeatedly. By taking advantage of the normally ordered form of the density operator for PESCS, the analytical expressions of the normalization constant, Mandel Q -parameter, photon-number distribution, quadrature squeezing and Wigner function are derived and discussed in detail, and from these the sub-Poissonian photon statistics, photon-number oscillations, negative value of quadrature squeezing, and partial negativity and non-Gaussian distribution of a Wigner function are demonstrated, respectively. These criteria well exhibit the highly nonclassical properties and non-Gaussianity of PESCS. In addition, by deriving the normally ordered form of the density operator and Wigner function for PESCS in a thermal channel, the decoherence process of PESCS is analyzed both analytically and numerically.