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Physica C Superconductivity

Quantum dynamics of the phase difference in an assembly of closed 0–π Josephson junctions made by d- and s-wave superconductors

Tomio Koyama, Masahiko Machida, Masaru Kato, Takekazu Ishida

Published Apr 3, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physc.2007.03.345

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Abstract We propose the Josephson junctions linked by a normal metal between a d + id superconductor and another d + id superconductor, a d-wave superconductor, or a s-wave superconductor for identifying the chiral d + id superconductivity. The time-reversal breaking in the chiral d-wave superconducting state is shown to result in a Josephson φ0-junction state where the current-phase relation is shifted by a phase φ0 from the sinusoidal relation, other than 0 and π. The ground-state phase difference φ0 and the critical current can be used to definitely confirm and read the information about the d + id superconductivity. A smooth evolution from conventional 0-π transitions to tunable φ0-states can be observed by changing the relative magnitude of two types of d-wave components in the d + id pairing. On the other hand, the Josephson junction involving the d + id superconductor is also the simplest model to realize a φ0- junction, which is useful in superconducting electronics and superconducting quantum computation.
The predominantly dx2−y2-pairing symmetry in most high-Tc superconductors provides the opportunity to fabricate Josephson junction circuits in which part of the junctions are biased by a phase difference of the superconducting order parameter of π. We present fabrication and measurements of an all high-Tc dc superconducting quantum interference device (dc SQUID) realized with thin-film technology, of which the Josephson junctions consist of one standard junction and one junction with a π-phase shift. The characteristics of the π-SQUID are compared with the properties of a standard high-Tc SQUID.