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Physical Review Letters

Photon antibunching in pulsed squeezed light generated via parametric amplification

Masato Koashi, K. Kono, Takuya Hirano, M. Matsuoka

Published Aug 23, 1993• 62 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured the intensity correlation of pulsed squeezed light generated by a degenerate optical parametric amplifier seeding weak coherent input signal. When the signal was deamplified, the correlation showed antibunching and the probability distribution of the photon number was sub-Poissonian, both of these being nonclassical properties of light.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.71.1164

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We have measured the intensity correlation of pulsed squeezed light generated by a degenerate optical parametric amplifier seeding weak coherent input signal. When the signal was deamplified, the correlation showed antibunching and the probability distribution of the photon number was sub-Poissonian, both of these being nonclassical properties of light.
Summary form only given. The generation of quantum states of light, such as squeezed states, often relies on degenerate optical parametric amplification. The input signal in a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (DOPA) may be amplified or deamplified depending on the phase of the signal field relative to that of the pump field (/spl Delta//spl phi/=/spl phi//sub pump/-2/spl phi//sub signal/). We present the results of an accurate numerical DOPA model for the generation of amplitude-squeezed light with Gaussian pump and signal beams. We find that the widely accepted 3-dB limit imposed by the Gaussian beam profiles can actually be exceeded in the tight focusing regime.
In the framework of Hamiltonian formalism nonclassical effects of an optical field propagating inside a directional coupler containing nondegenerate parametric amplification have been studied. We investigate the effect of switching between the input modes and the out going fields from the coupler. Particular attention has been paid to two mode squeezing, second-order correlation function, quasiprobability distribution functions, and photon-number distribution. Incident number and coherent states are considered. It has been shown that when one of the modes enters the coupler in the Fock state and the other modes are in vacuum states, the coupler can serve as a generator for coherent state. Furthermore, regimes for generation and transmission of squeezed and/or sub-Poissonian light are found.
The output of a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO), for weak driving fields, is highly bunched. The photons tend to come out in pairs. Nonclassical behaviour is evident in the output of the DOPO, but usually involves interferometric investigations, as in the spectrum of squeezing, or a Mandel–Hong–Ou interferometer. We discuss a conditioned measurement of the second-order intensity correlation function g(2)(τ) that yields antibunching. By only measuring the second-order intensity correlation function g(2)(τ) after a photon has been detected, large bunching is turned into almost perfect antibunching.
Photon antibunching is a quantum phenomenon typically observed in strongly nonlinear systems where photon blockade suppresses the probability of detecting two photons at the same time. Antibunching has also been reported with Gaussian states, where optimized amplitude squeezing yields classically forbidden values of the intensity correlation, g(2)(0)<1{g}^{(2)}(0)<1g(2)(0)<1. As a consequence, observation of antibunching is not necessarily a signature of photon-photon interactions. To clarify the significance of the intensity correlations, we derive a sufficient condition for deducing whether a field is non-Gaussian based on a g(2)(0){g}^{(2)}(0)g(2)(0) measurement. We then show that the Gaussian antibunching obtained with a degenerate parametric amplifier is close to the ideal case reached using dissipative squeezing protocols. We finally shed light on the so-called unconventional photon blockade effect predicted in a driven two-cavity setup with surprisingly weak Kerr nonlinearities, stressing that it is a particular realization of optimized Gaussian amplitude squeezing.
In the framework of Hamiltonian formalism the quantum statistical properties of an optical field propagating inside a directional coupler operating by nondegenerate parametric amplification are studied. We investigate the effect of switching between the input modes and the outgoing fields from the coupler. Particular attention is paid to two-mode squeezing, the second-order correlation function, quasiprobability distribution functions, and photon-number distribution. Incident number and coherent states are considered. It has been shown that when one of the modes enters the coupler in the Fock state |1 and the other modes are in vacuum states, the coupler can serve as a generator of a coherent state. Furthermore, regimes for the generation and transmission of squeezed and/or sub-Poissonian light are found.