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Optics Express

Pulse broadening cancellation in cascaded slow-light delays

Andrzej Wiatrek, Ronny Henker, Stefan Preußler, Thomas Schneider

Published Apr 23, 2009• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This article describes a new approach to cancel the pulse broadening in a cascaded slow-light system. With the help of a simple experimental setup a method with significant potential to achieve a high pulse delay at almost zero pulse broadening is shown. Since the pulse reshaping is done inside a single delaying segment, this method can be used in connection with any other Brillouin based slow-light system.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.007586

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Optics Express•May 22, 2008•31 citations
This article describes a new approach to cancel the pulse broadening in a cascaded slow-light system. With the help of a simple experimental setup a method with significant potential to achieve a high pulse delay at almost zero pulse broadening is shown. Since the pulse reshaping is done inside a single delaying segment, this method can be used in connection with any other Brillouin based slow-light system.
The manipulation of the velocity of optical pulses in fibers by so-called slow-light systems seems to be very promising for future all-optical networks, but actual approaches suffer from an inevitable pulse broadening due to the delay process. In this article two different methods for the achievement of zero-broadening in Brillouin based slow-light systems are compared in theory and experiment. While one system works in the saturated regime of a Brillouin amplifier the other works in its linear regime. Both approaches fully avoid the system inherent broadening of conventional slow-light delays and can therefore extend such systems to increase their efficiency significantly. (6 pages)
The manipulation of the group velocity of optical signals (slow and fast light) has many possible applications in telecommunications, sensing, nonlinear optics, and so on. The exploitation of the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is of special interest for the alteration of the group velocity in optical fibers, since it just requires standard telecom equipment and low-to-moderate optical power. However, each delay in one single, low-gain SBS-based slow-light system is accompanied by a pulse broadening. This is a result of the inherent Kramers–Kronig relations among the gain, the phase change, and the accompanied group velocity. For an ideal flat gain, the phase change is nonideal, and for an ideal phase change the gain curve leads to a broadening. Furthermore, if the gain bandwidth is adapted to the signal by broadening, the delay will be reduced. Thus the signal broadening can be reduced by several methods for one single low-gain slow-light system, but it cannot be zero. Here, we will show how a zero-broadening SBS-based slow light can be achieved with several methods. The basic idea is a reshaping of the original pulse in a second stage by saturation of the SBS system, or by the superposition of two gains. As will be shown, all of these systems show an almost ideal overall gain and phase function over the bandwidth of the pulses. Thus, SBS-based slow light with a delay bandwidth product of 1 bit and zero distortion is possible.
To change the group velocity of optical signals has a lot of possible applications in telecommunications, sensing, nonlinear optics and so on. Especially the exploitation of the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers is of special interest since it just requires standard telecom equipment and low to moderate optical power. However, each delay in one single, low-gain SBS based slow-light system is accompanied by pulse broadening. This is a result of the inherent Kramers-Kronig relations between the gain, the phase-change and the accompanied group velocity. For an ideal flat gain the phase-change is non-ideal, and for an ideal phase-change the gain curve leads to a broadening. Furthermore, if the gain bandwidth is broadened in order to adapt it to the signal, the delay will be reduced. Thus, for one single low-gain slow-light system the broadening can be reduced by several methods but it cannot be zero. Here we will show how a zero-broadening SBS based slow-light system can be achieved by two different methods. The basic idea is a reshaping of the original pulse by an adapted gain in a second stage. This adaptation is achieved by the superposition of two Gaussian gain profiles or by a single saturated gain. As will be shown, these systems show an almost ideal over-all gain and phase function over the bandwidth of the pulses. Thus, SBS based slow-light with a delaybandwidth product of more than 1 bit and zero distortion is possible.
Different Slow-light systems have been discussed and developed as a powerful tool to reduce the group velocity of optical signals during the last years. It has enjoyed much recent interest because of the potential system applications in optical telecommunication and information systems. Especially the nonlinear effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has become important for fiber based Slow-light systems. But, the SBS also has two challenges. First, the maximum time delay is limited due to the saturation of the Brillouin amplification process and second, the delay of the pulses is accompanied by pulse distortions (pulse shape broadening). For these aspects the shape of the Brillouin spectrum is of special interest. In this article a system is presented which allows the optimisation of the Brillouin spectrum. Simulations and first measurements show how the time delay can be enhanced with a simultaneous reduction of the pulse distortions.
We show a simple method of time delay enhancement in slow-light systems based on the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering. The method is based on the reduction of the absolute Brillouin gain by a loss produced by an additional pump laser. With this method we achieved pulse delays of nearly 100 ns in a standard single-mode fiber. In the presented approach the delay or acceleration of optical signals is decoupled from their amplification or attenuation, which allows the adaptation of the pulse amplitudes to the given application.
We show a simple method to reduce the distortions in SBS based slow light systems. The distortion reduction is simply based on a broadening and adaptation of the gain bandwidth. However, a broadened gain reduces the achievable fractional delay which cannot be compensated by higher pump powers. Here we will show that this compensation can be done by additional loss spectra. With the presented method low distortions for high fractional pulse delays are possible. We show the theory and experimental verifications of our method. For Gaussian pulses with a fractional delay of 1 Bit we achieved a distortion reduction of around 23%.