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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

A robust scheme for quantum information processing in cavity QED

Shi‐Biao Zheng

Published Oct 10, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a robust scheme for the implementation of two-qubit phase gates with a cavity QED system. After the gate operation the computational basis states are equally damped by the decoherence effect and thus the gate error is suppressed. The scheme is based on resonant atom–cavity interaction and thus the operation speed is high. During the atom–cavity interaction no external laser fields are required and thus the gate errors arising from external sources are suppressed.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/39/20/012

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We propose a robust scheme for the implementation of two-qubit phase gates with a cavity QED system. After the gate operation the computational basis states are equally damped by the decoherence effect and thus the gate error is suppressed. The scheme is based on resonant atom–cavity interaction and thus the operation speed is high. During the atom–cavity interaction no external laser fields are required and thus the gate errors arising from external sources are suppressed.
A two-qubit quantum swap gate scheme based on coherent state qubit is proposed in cavity quantum electrodynamics system. Our scheme adopt the interaction between the Λ-type atomic ensemble and the two-mode optical cavity, and the swap gate can be realized directly only one step, so as to save a lot of quantum resources and reduce the number of single qubit rotation operations in the actual quantum information processing. It is found that under the condition of large detuning limit, the excited states of atoms are adiabatically eliminated, and the decoherence caused by the spontaneous emission of atoms is effectively suppressed. All atoms in the optical cavity are universally addressed, which reduces the experimental operation difficulty of the scheme. The fidelity of the quantum logic gate is maintained at a very high level when the photon loss of the cavity field is considered. Compared with the single-atom scheme, it is found that the atom-cavity interaction time required by the atomic ensemble scheme is inversely proportional to the number of atoms, so that the speed of the quantum logic gate can be increased by N times. Therefore, in principle, as long as enough atoms interacting with the optical field, an effective coupling of any atom-cavity field can be generated, which is conducive to selecting the appropriate quantum gate operation time in practical operation and effectively avoiding decoherence.
We propose a scheme for realizing two-qubit quantum phase gates with atoms in a thermal cavity. The photon-number-dependent parts in the evolution operator are canceled with the assistant of a strong classical field. Thus the scheme is insensitive to the thermal field. In the scheme the detuning between the atoms and the cavity is equal to the atom-cavity coupling strength and thus the gates operate at a high speed, which is also important in view of decoherence. The scheme can be generalized to generate multiatom-entangled states with a thermal cavity.
It is commonly believed that decoherence is the main obstacle to quantum information processing. In contrast to this, we show how decoherence in the form of dissipation can improve the performance of certain quantum gates. As an example we consider the realisations of a controlled phase gate and a two-qubit SWAP operation with the help of a single laser pulse in atom-cavity systems. In the presence of spontaneous decay rates, the speed of the gates can be improved by a factor 2 without sacrificing high fidelity and robustness against parameter fluctuations. Even though this leads to finite gate failure rates, the scheme is comparable with other quantum computing proposals.