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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Design of superconducting thin film microwave oscillators with weak variable thickness bridges

J.P. Burke, Gert K. G. Hohenwarter, James B. Beyer, Elie K. Track

Published Mar 1, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Oscillator designs based on superconducting variable-thickness bridge devices have been developed. Design considerations and constraints in the layout and fabrication of the circuits are discussed, and a test fixture suitable for circuit testing is described. Circuits fabricated with YBCO films were tested, but do not yet show the desired operating properties. Preliminary tests indicated poor film quality as the cause. Multiple oscillator designs operating at 40 GHz have been designed and simulated and are currently being tested using YBCO on LaAlO/sub 3/. Simulations were limited by the availability of specific simulation models for individual components.>

DOI
10.1109/77.233536

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Oscillator designs based on superconducting variable-thickness bridge devices have been developed. Design considerations and constraints in the layout and fabrication of the circuits are discussed, and a test fixture suitable for circuit testing is described. Circuits fabricated with YBCO films were tested, but do not yet show the desired operating properties. Preliminary tests indicated poor film quality as the cause. Multiple oscillator designs operating at 40 GHz have been designed and simulated and are currently being tested using YBCO on LaAlO/sub 3/. Simulations were limited by the availability of specific simulation models for individual components.>
Techniques have been developed with which it is possible to fabricate superconducting thin-film structures with a wide variety of electrical and superconducting parameters which show Josephson-like phenomena. These bridges-based on the proximity effect-are made in layered thin-film ``substrates'' using a large variety of superconducting and nonsuperconducting materials. In this paper we detail the fabrication techniques and the electrical and superconducting characteristics for these proximity effect bridges including a simple low-frequency (<10 GHz) equivalent circuit based on analysis and experiment which closely describes the quantum phase coherence operation of the bridges in their voltage sustaining state. Extension of these fabrication techniques to entire thin-film electrical circuits including resistors, capacitors, and inductors with these bridges and leading to an entire superconducting microcircuit technology is discussed.
We describe the use of thin-film superconducting transformers at frequencies up to 20 GHz. Transformers with turns ratios of 2, 4, and 7 were fabricated out of Nb and tested in a liquid-He Dewar. The measured S-parameters showed considerably less bandwidth than predicted based on consideration of the lumped element inductances of the circuit elements. We present an alternative model for the transformer where each part of the patterned circuit is treated as a distributed element (a transmission line). Despite the simplicity of the model, simulations using it agree well with the measured data without using any fitted parameters. These simulations take only a few minutes to compute on a typical workstation, making the model well suited as a design tool.
Amplification, down-conversion and detection of the microwaves in thin-film Josephson variable thickness bridges of submicron dimensions have been investigated experimentally. The results for indium and tin bridges are discussed taking into account the influence of the nonequilibrium electrons in a weak link region. The same experiments were carried out with SNS variable thickness Nb-Al-Nb bridges. They showed that the properties of SNS bridges agreed better with the theoretical predictions of the resistively shunted junction model in a wide temperature range. Moreover the parameters of the Nb-Al-Nb bridges have possessed better stability and reliability.
This paper reports the design, fabrication, and measurements of optically tunable superconducting microwave resonators and delay lines. The devices are comprised of superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines fabricated from a 100 nm-thick YBCO film, interrupted by 3- and 5-m YBCO meander structures of the same thickness on top of an LAO substrate. The CPW is tested at 77 K up to a frequency of 50 GHz, where it exhibits a transmission loss of about 0.12 dB/mm. The measurements are done in a cryogenic microwave probe station, where all the calibrations have been performed at 77 K. It has been observed that the resonance frequencies of the superconducting resonators can be changed by more than 2 GHz under the optical illumination at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The delay lines also exhibit a phase retardation of up to 90 at the same operating conditions.