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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Cavity QED with Fiber Cavities: From Atoms to Quantum Well Excitons

Jakob Reichel

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have developed laser-machined ultralow-roughness mirrors with curvatures below 100um yielding stable fiber Fabry-Perot cavities with measured finesse above F=100000 and microscopic volumes. This has enabled exceptional coupling strength in atomic CQED and solid-state CQED with tunable cavities.
DOI
10.1364/qels.2012.qtu3d.1

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We have realized a fiber-based Fabry–Perot cavity with CO 2 laser-machined mirrors. It combines very small size, high finesse , small waist and mode volume, and good mode matching between the fiber and cavity modes. This combination of features is a major advance for cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), as shown in recent CQED experiments with Bose–Einstein condensates enabled by this cavity (Colombe Y et al 2007 Nature 450 272). It will also be suitable for a wide range of other applications, including coupling to solid-state emitters, gas detection at the single-particle level, fiber-coupled single-photon sources and high-resolution optical filters with large stopband.
Abstract. We have realized a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity with CO2 laser-machined mirrors. It combines very small size, high finesse F ≥ 130000, small waist and mode volume, and good mode matching between the fiber and cavity modes. This combination of features is a major advance for cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), as shown in recent CQED experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates enabled by this cavity [Y. Colombe et al., Nature 450, 272 (2007)]. It should also be suitable for a wide range of other applications, including coupling to solid-state emitters, gas detection at the single-particle level, fiber-coupled single-photon sources and high-resolution optical filters with large stopband. PACS numbers: 07.60.Vg, 42.50.Ex, 42.50.Pq, 42.81.Wg 1.
The development of laser-machined, ultralow roughness micromirrors on optical fiber tips has enabled a new type of high-finesse Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities (FFPs). These microcavities are used very successfully in an increasing number of quantum technology applications, reaching from single-photon sources with various solid-state emitters to entanglement generation in ultracold atomic ensembles. They are also attractive for general photonics applications where high cavity finesse is desired, combinin narrow resonance width and large stopband with high transmission, excellent passive stability and built-in fiber coupling. I will give a short overview of this cavity technology and describe an experiment where we are using a next-generation FFP cavity to generate long-lived spin squeezed states in an atomic clock on a chip.
We report the development of a fiber-based, tunable optical cavity with open access. The cavity is of the Fabry-Perot type and is formed with miniature spherical mirrors positioned on the end of single- or multi-mode optical fibers by a transfer technique which involves lifting a high-quality mirror from a smooth convex substrate, either a ball lens or micro-lens. The cavities typically have a finesse of sim1,000\\sim 1,000sim1,000 and a mode volume of 600 mu\\mumum3^33. We demonstrate the detection of small ensembles of cold Rb atoms guided through such a cavity on an atom chip.
The development of a fiber-based, tunable optical cavity with open access is reported. The cavity is of the Fabry-Pérot type and is formed with miniature spherical mirrors positioned on the end of single- or multimode optical fibers by a transfer technique, which involves lifting a high-quality mirror from a smooth convex substrate, either a ball lens or microlens. The cavities typically have a finesse of ∼1000 and a mode volume of 600μm3. The detection of small ensembles of cold Rb atoms guided through such a cavity on an atom chip is demonstrated.
Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities, formed by micro-machined mirrors on the end-facets of optical fibers, are used in an increasing number of technical and scientific applications. Some of the most promising areas of application of these optical micro-resonators with high finesse and small mode volume are in the field of quantum communication and information. The resonator-enhanced light-matter interaction, for instance, provide basis for the realization of efficient optical interfaces between stationary matter-based quantum nodes and flying single-photon qubits. To date fiber Fabry-Perot cavities have been successfully applied in experiments interfacing single photons with a wide range of quantum systems, including cold atoms, ions and solid state emitters as well as quantum optomechanical experiments. Here we address some important practical questions that arise during the experimental implementation of high finesse fiber Fabry-Perot cavities: How can optimal fiber cavity alignment be achieved and how can the efficiency of coupling light from the optical fibers to the cavity mode and vice versa be characterized? How should optical fiber cavities be constructed and stabilized to fulfill their potential for miniaturization and integration into robust scientific and technological devices that can operate outside of dedicated laboratory environments in the future? The first two questions we answer with an analytic mode matching calculation that relates the alignment dependent fiber-to-cavity mode-matching efficiency to the easily measurable dip in the reflected light power at the cavity resonance. Our general analysis provides a simple recipe for the optimal alignment of fiber Fabry-Perot cavities and moreover for the first time explains the asymmetry in their reflective line shapes. The latter question we explore by investigating a novel, intrinsically rigid fiber cavity design that makes use of the high passive stability of a monolithic cavity spacer and employs thermal self-locking and external temperature tuning. The performance of this novel approach is compared to a more traditional, piezomechanically-actuated resonator that is feedback stabilized to a reference laser based on the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique. Finally, with the application of single photon interfacing in mind we discuss the issue of fiber-generated background photons in Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities. We believe that, due to their simplicity, compactness and robustness, rigid fiber cavities could be a promising solution for miniaturized, integratable and scalable cavity quantum electrodynamic devices and further applications of FFPC with similar requirements.