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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Analysis and simulation of ring resonators for slow and fast light devices applications

Hamidreza Khashei, Hassan Kaatuzian

Published Aug 22, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we demonstrate, how fast and slow light phenomena in ring resonator can simultaneously be observed at a single frequency, using strongly coupled ring resonators. We also report on the design of a ring resonator with SOI technology that operate in optical wavelength 1.55 micron and have (one micro-ring) a factor for fast light ~22 picosecond (ps) and a factor for slow light ~12 ps with bandwidth ~100GHz with mixing angle (θ) 30 degrees, however depended on mixing angle and number of rings. Using light in a mixed polarization state, we show that fast and slow light can be obtained from a single incident wave packet. We simulate one micro-ring and extend our result to more micro-ring.

DOI
10.1117/12.2063677

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In this paper we demonstrate, how fast and slow light phenomena in ring resonator can simultaneously be observed at a single frequency, using strongly coupled ring resonators. We also report on the design of a ring resonator with SOI technology that operate in optical wavelength 1.55 micron and have (one micro-ring) a factor for fast light ~22 picosecond (ps) and a factor for slow light ~12 ps with bandwidth ~100GHz with mixing angle (θ) 30 degrees, however depended on mixing angle and number of rings. Using light in a mixed polarization state, we show that fast and slow light can be obtained from a single incident wave packet. We simulate one micro-ring and extend our result to more micro-ring.
We proposed a new approach to generate slow light transmission with large bandwidth and high buildup factor by using a soliton pulse propagating within integrated ring resonator circuit. The system consisted series of micron-size ring resonator fabricated by using nonlinear InGaAsP/InP material that are laterally coupled together. For convenience of analysis, optical transfer function for this model is obtained by using z-transform method. Slow light performances were modeled and discuss in this paper. Intensity buildup induced within the series of rings located at left and right sides of the system while strong nonlinear Kerr effect and mutual coupling leads to the spreading frequency bands within the device. Numerical simulation verifies that signal pulse with 45 ps relative delay time and bandwidth of 5.9 GHz (47 pm) are obtained at the communication wavelength around 1550 nm for a 100 ps signal pulse.
In the seemingly never-ending quest to speed up data transfer, light constitutes the ultimate communications carrier. However, the speed of light through a medium is generally constant, making photon storage and on-chip optical signal processing difficult tasks to implement. To slow things down, coupling microring resonators to an optical waveguide can effectively delay the propagation of photons. It has also been shown that the dispersion properties of these devices can distort the pulse profile so that the speed of light appears to be exceeded, providing so-called fast-light. From a practical viewpoint, it would be desirable to combine both of these properties in a single optical device. Recent work has found that these microring resonators are birefringent with respect to the polarization of the propagating light; i.e., one polarization simultaneously propagates faster than its orthogonal counterpart. From calculations, Fietz and Shvets show that by using light of mixed polarization and adjusting the mixing angle of that light and the number of microring resonators along the waveguide, a tunable delay time between polarized wave packets of incoming light should be readily achieved. — ISO
Tunable slow and fast light generation in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) Fano resonator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The slow and fast light generation with symmetric and asymmetric coupling conditions of the Fano resonator is theoretically analyzed. Under a slightly imbalanced coupling condition, the two output ports of the Fano resonator could produce a fast light and a slow light, respectively. By utilizing the thermo-optic (TO) effect to change the phase difference of the two optical beams coupled into the resonator, the transition of fast and slow light can be realized at the fixed resonance wavelength. Experimental results show that a slow-to-fast transition (group delay from 0.852 to -1.057 ns) at one resonance wavelength, and a fast-to-slow transition (group delay from -0.22 to 0.867 ns) at another resonance wavelength are realized simultaneously by controlling the microheater to tune the phase difference.
Micro-ring resonators (MRRs) are employed to generate signals used for optical communication applications, where they can be integrated in a single system. These structures are ideal candidates for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) photonic circuits, since they provide a wide range of optical signal processing functions while being ultra-compact. Soliton pulses have sufficient stability for preservation of their shape and velocity. Technological progress in fields such as tunable narrow band laser systems, multiple transmission, and MRR systems constitute a base for the development of new transmission techniques. Controlling the speed of a light signal has many potential applications in fiber optic communication and quantum computing. The slow light effect has many important applications and is a key technology for all optical networks such as optical signal processing. Generation of slow light in MRRs is based on the nonlinear optical fibers. Slow light can be generated within the micro-ring devices, which will be able to be used with the mobile telephone. Therefore, the message can be kept encrypted via quantum cryptography. Thus perfect security in a mobile telephone network is plausible. This research study involves both numerical experiments and theoretical work based on MRRs for secured communication.
The possibility of dynamically controlling the speed of light can be extremely useful in all the optical applications where a variable delay is needed, such as bit and frame synchronization and optical storage. To this aim, coupled resonator slow-wave structures (SWSs) represent a promising approach to slow down the propagation of optical signals with as large bandwidths as required by optical communication systems. We show that by suitably setting the rings' resonances, SWSs can act efficiently as tunable delay lines, with the overall time delay being continuously adjustable from zero to a maximum value, typically limited by the effects of loss and dispersion. Every ring of the structure can be used as an optical gate and optical pulses can also be trapped and released by the SWS, so as to realize an optical memory or buffer. A time delay of 300 ps and a slowing ratio of 7.5 over a 3.3 GHz bandwidth are experimentally demonstrated in SWSs realized in silicon oxynitride technology