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International Journal of Quantum Information

DYNAMICS OF QUANTUM CORRELATIONS OF TWO INTERFERING BIPARTITE GAUSSIAN STATES

Stefano Olivares

Published Oct 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We address the interference of a pair of two-mode Gaussian states, interacting pairwise through a beam-splitter Hamiltonian. In the framework of a suitable phase-space analysis, the correlations generated through the interaction are studied by considering a quantity proportional to the variance of difference between the detected photocurrents of all the possible couples of modes. We use this quantity to demonstrate the invariance through the interaction and the correlations swapping also in the presence of nonideal photodetection.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749911008234

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We address the interference of a pair of two-mode Gaussian states, interacting pairwise through a beam-splitter Hamiltonian. In the framework of a suitable phase-space analysis, the correlations generated through the interaction are studied by considering a quantity proportional to the variance of difference between the detected photocurrents of all the possible couples of modes. We use this quantity to demonstrate the invariance through the interaction and the correlations swapping also in the presence of nonideal photodetection.
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We address joint photodetection as a method for discriminating between the classical correlations of a thermal beam divided by a beam splitter and the quantum entanglement of a twin beam obtained by parametric down-conversion. We show that for intense beams of light the detection of the difference photocurrent may be used, in principle, in order to reveal entanglement, while the simple measurement of the correlation coefficient is not sufficient. We have experimentally measured the correlation coefficient and the variance of the difference photocurrent for several classical and quantum states. Results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions taking into account the extra noise in the generated fields that is due to the pump laser fluctuations.
We address the interaction of two Gaussian states of light interfering at a balanced beam splitter and analyze the correlations exhibited by the resulting bipartite system. Nonlocal quantum correlations (entanglement) arise if and only if the fidelity between the two input Gaussian states falls under a threshold value depending only on their purities. In particular, our result clarifies the role of squeezing as a prerequisite for entanglement and provide a tool to optimize the generation of entanglement by passive devices.
The behavior of general nonclassical two-mode Gaussian states at a beam splitter is investigated. Single-mode nonclassicality as well as two-mode entanglement of both input and output states are analyzed suggesting their suitable quantifiers. These quantifiers are derived from local and global invariants of linear unitary two-mode transformations such that the sum of input (or output) local nonclassicality measures and entanglement measure gives a global invariant. This invariant quantifies the global nonclassicality resource. Mutual transformations of local nonclassicalities and entanglement induced by the beam splitter are analyzed considering incident noisy twin beams, single-mode noisy squeezed vacuum states, and states encompassing both squeezed states and twin beams. A rich tapestry of interesting nonclassical output states is predicted.
Abstract We address the generation of intensity correlations arising from the interference between two optical states interacting through a beam splitter. We consider both phase insensitive and sensitive states and write the intensity correlations as functions of the mean number of photons and field quadratures of the input states. In particular we consider Fock number states and squeezed states as a paradigm of non-classical states and mixture of coherent states, which can be experimentally accessible. We show that, under certain conditions on the input states, intensity correlations may vanish or turn into anticorrelations.
In general, a pair of uncorrelated Gaussian states mixed in a beam splitter (BS) produces a correlated state at the output. However, when the inputs are identical Gaussian states the output state is equal to the input, and no correlations appear, as the interference had not taken place. On the other hand, since physical phenomena do have observable effects, and the BS is there, a question arises on how to reveal the interference between the two beams. We prove theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that this is possible if at least one of the two beams is prepared in a discordant, i.e., Gaussian correlated, state with a third beam. We also apply the same technique to reveal the erasure of polarization information. Our experiment involves thermal states and the results show that Gaussian discordant states, even when they show a positive Glauber P-function, may be useful to achieve specific tasks.