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Josephson junction technology program, phase 1

F. D. Colegrove, S. A. Buckner, D.N. McQuiddy, Jerry D Holmes

Published Apr 21, 1977• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract : A search has been made of Naval Surveillance and communications systems in the frequency range DC to above 100 GHz for the purpose of identifying systems in which the application of Josephson effect devices might improve performance. Magnetic anomaly detection, ELF communications, fast digital processing and some radar applications were examined and found to be potential candidates for superconducting devices. Analyses of systems considered and rejected are also included. (Author)

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Abstract : A search has been made of Naval Surveillance and communications systems in the frequency range DC to above 100 GHz for the purpose of identifying systems in which the application of Josephson effect devices might improve performance. Magnetic anomaly detection, ELF communications, fast digital processing and some radar applications were examined and found to be potential candidates for superconducting devices. Analyses of systems considered and rejected are also included. (Author)
High temperature superconducting Josephson arrays were investigated as possible millimeter wave sources. A junction technology was selected and improved to the point where radiation, near 1 microwatt off-chip, was measured from a variety of 2-dimensional arrays in the 70-160 GHz range. The arrays were tunable and were successfully coupled to a number of antennas for broadband, tunable transmission. Antennas for a variety of specific applications were selected on the basis of bandwidth requirements, impedance levels, polarization, and the possibility of sufficient monolithic integration. The final part of the program was a study of potential subsystems that would utilize these arrays. Interchip communications transceivers were studied and interchip coupling was demonstrated using two antenna-coupled arrays. The most promising application may be a monolithic clock source, near 100 GHz, for communications and signal processing systems. Josephson arrays, mm-wave sources.
High temperature superconducting Josephson arrays were investigated as possible millimeter wave sources. A junction technology was selected and improved to the point where radiation, near 1 microwatt off-chip, was measured from a variety of 2-dimensional arrays in the 70-160 GHz range. The arrays were tunable and were successfully coupled to a number of antennas for broadband, tunable transmission. Antennas for a variety of specific applications were selected on the basis of bandwidth requirements, impedance levels, polarization, and the possibility of sufficient monolithic integration. The final part of the program was a study of potential subsystems that would utilize these arrays. Interchip communications transceivers were studied and interchip coupling was demonstrated using two antenna-coupled arrays. The most promising application may be a monolithic clock source, near 100 GHz, for communications and signal processing systems.
Refractive superconducting materials such as niobium (T/sub c/=9 K) and niobium nitride (T/sub c/=16 K) are used in the development of electronic devices for use at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The author describes this program, and discusses the inherent advantages of superconductive electronics and the potential of the high-temperature materials for communication systems. The work concentrates on three areas: (1) the development of the components of a phased-array receiver operating in the 0.1-to-0.3 THz frequency regime; (2) research into NbN Josephson junction (JJ) technology and JJ arrays to provide the basic building blocks for a similar development in the THz regime; and (3) the development of analog and digital signal processing devices using superconducting technology.>
Steady progress has been made in both theory and technology of superconductive electronics, but there has been little application to operational electronic systems. This paper, which was prepared for presentation at the 1976 Navy Summer Study on Superconductive Electronics, reviews those applications that might be of interest to radar. These applications include low-noise receivers, stable RF sources, MTI, synthetic aperture radar, and other areas of signal processing. Also included is a brief discussion of some of the potential problems associated with the use of such devices in a practical radar. Although there are areas of possible radar application of superconductive electronic devices, the burden of using cryogenics operationally as well as the availability of other competing electronic devices make it appear unlikely that superconducting electronics will find significant application in radar in the near future. (Author)
CSIRO is the Australian national science agency and has had a long-history in research and development of superconducting electronic devices and systems for various practical applications. In this paper, I will give a brief introduction about the Josephson junction technology and describe CSIRO’s research progress in developing various novel high-Tcsuperconducting (HTS) Josephson junction devices and their applied systems. Recently, CSIRO has led the frontier research and development of high-frequency HTS Josephson detectors and heterodyne mixers ranging from microwave, millimeter, to terahertz (THz) frequency bands. These high-frequency superconducting quantum sensors/devices have demonstrated superior performance and applied in sensing and communication systems.
We have already seen, in Chapter 2 , that the complex response of a Josephson junction to applied electromagnetic radiation forms a basis for both broad-band and heterodyne detection modes, ranging from low frequencies to the far-infrared. Greater detail of actual working devices of this type will be given in this chapter. The second topic dealt with is digital applications of squid s. This is already a significant, and may in the future become a dominant, use of low-power superconducting technology. At first sight the contents of this chapter may seem to divide into two rather disconnected areas. However, logic devices have two important characteristics in common with radiation detectors: first, both involve very high-frequency operation, since slow digital devices are of little or no practical interest. Second, both applications demand the use of well characterised and reproducible small-area junctions with similar parameters. In what follows, more details of junction fabrication methods will be given than have been discussed earlier in the book. This reflects the fact that well defined junction properties are of the utmost importance in achieving high performance in these areas. It seems paradoxical that squid s, for all their unparalleled sensitivity, will operate very satisfactorily with far from ideal Josephson junctions. This is mainly because squid s have only been used in rather low-frequency applications, for which the low resistive and reactive impedances associated with poor-quality junctions do not limit performance.