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International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCom)

Robust MIMO beamforming and power allocation for artificial noise generated by both transmitter and receiver

Yongkai Zhou, Fangbiao Li, Pengze Guo, Zhi Xue

Published Aug 1, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the secure MIMO transmission in a classic three-node network, in which both the transmitter (Alice) and the receiver (Bob) simultaneously send artificial noise (AN) to impact the channel of the eavesdropper (Eve). Only statistical information about the eavesdropper channel is available. Compared to previous works, this paper studies the scenario in which the main channel are also time-varying and goes through Rayleigh fading. Expected secrecy rate is adopted to evaluate the performance of this model. Robust beamforming and power allocation are proposed to maximize the lower bound of the expected secrecy rate. Numerical results show that with the increase of Bob's AN power, the best practice is to allocate more dimensions for emitting AN and at the same time distribute a greater proportion of Alice's power to information symbols.

DOI
10.1109/chinacom.2014.7054368

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This paper is concerned with the secure MIMO transmission in a classic three-node network, in which both the transmitter (Alice) and the receiver (Bob) simultaneously send artificial noise (AN) to impact the channel of the eavesdropper (Eve). Only statistical information about the eavesdropper channel is available. Compared to previous works, this paper studies the scenario in which the main channel are also time-varying and goes through Rayleigh fading. Expected secrecy rate is adopted to evaluate the performance of this model. Robust beamforming and power allocation are proposed to maximize the lower bound of the expected secrecy rate. Numerical results show that with the increase of Bob's AN power, the best practice is to allocate more dimensions for emitting AN and at the same time distribute a greater proportion of Alice's power to information symbols.
In wireless communication, the transmitter (Alice) can send artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the eavesdropper (Eve). This letter considers the AN MIMO scenario, i.e., both Alice and the legitimate receiver (Bob) are equipped with multiple antennas. A closed-form expression for the lower bound of secrecy capacity is obtained. It is proved that water-filling is the optimal power allocation scheme. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed to find the optimal power distribution ratio between information and AN so that maximum secrecy capacity can be achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges fast, and multiple antennas can improve the secrecy capacity to some extent compared to the AN MISO case.
The paper considers the secure transmission in a wireless environment in which both the transmitter (Alice) and the legitimate receiver (Bob) send artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the eavesdropper (Eve). Optimal design is analyzed in detail for this AN-by-both-side model to deal with Eve’s stochastic channel condition and random spatial distribution. Bipolar-beamforming is first proposed to jointly design Alice and Bob’s transmitting signals. By optimally assigning the transmitting antenna for Bob and allocating the power ratio between Alice’s information and the AN signal, maximum secrecy capacity can be achieved. Simulation is done to illustrate the process of bipolar-beamforming optimization. Results show that the AN-by-both-side model has good secrecy performance on both average and extreme conditions as Eve approaches Alice or Bob.
We consider the problem of secure communication with multiantenna transmission in fading channels. The transmitter simultaneously transmits an information-bearing signal to the intended receiver and artificial noise to the eavesdroppers. We obtain an analytical closed-form expression of an achievable secrecy rate and use it as the objective function to optimize the transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise. Our analytical and numerical results show that equal power allocation is a simple yet near-optimal strategy for the case of noncolluding eavesdroppers. When the number of colluding eavesdroppers increases, more power should be used to generate the artificial noise. We also provide an upper bound on the SNR, above which, the achievable secrecy rate is positive and shows that the bound is tight at low SNR. Furthermore, we consider the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and the receiver and find that it is wise to create more artificial noise to confuse the eavesdroppers than to increase the signal strength for the intended receiver if the CSI is not accurately obtained.
This letter considers the secure MIMO transmission in a wireless environment, in which one transmitter (Alice), one receiver (Bob) and one eavesdropper (Eve) are involved. Apart from the artificial noise (AN) generated by Alice, Bob can also exploit his remaining antenna resources to emit AN to further impair Eve's channel. Such kind of AN can be cancelled by Bob himself by applying the Full-Duplex wireless communication technique. A computable secrecy rate is obtained for this model over a Rayleigh-fading eavesdropping channel. In order to maximize the secrecy rate, a joint optimization scheme is proposed to assign the TX/RX antennas for Bob and to design the beamforming and power allocation for Alice's information and AN signal. Simulation is carried out to illustrate the process of the proposed optimization scheme.
This paper investigates the power allocation problem for artificial noise (AN) secure precoding systems, and proposes closed-form solutions for maximizing the achievable secrecy rate. It is assumed that the transmitter knows the full channel information at the legitimate receiver, and knows only the statistics of the channel information at the eavesdropper. Lower bounds are derived for the secrecy rates in multiple-input single-output channels with single or multiple eavesdroppers and multiple-input multiple-output channels with multiple eavesdroppers. When the number of transmit antennas is sufficiently large, the bounds are tight, and closed-form solutions can be derived from these bounds. The analytical results suggest simple and yet informative solutions as follows: Let the numbers of receive antennas at the legitimate receiver and at the eavesdropper beNrN_{r}Nr​andNr,eN_{r,e}Nr,e​, respectively. The system should distributeNr,e/(Nr+Nr,e)N_{r,e}/(N_{r}+N_{r,e})Nr,e​/(Nr​+Nr,e​)of the power to AN in the high SNR regime, and distribute zero power to AN in the low SNR regime; the rate loss due to the eavesdropper is−Nrlog⁡(Nr/(Nr+Nr,e))−Nr,elog⁡(Nr,e/(Nr+Nr,e))-N_{r}\log(N_{r}/(N_{r}+N_{r,e}))-N_{r,e}\log(N_{r,e}/(N_{r}+N_{r,e}))−Nr​log(Nr​/(Nr​+Nr,e​))−Nr,e​log(Nr,e​/(Nr​+Nr,e​))bits/sec/Hz in the high SNR regime and nearly negligible in the low SNR regime. The derived results also show that equal power and water-filling power allocations lead to similar solutions and rate loss. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical results.
In this paper we consider secure transmission for the multiple-input, multiple-output, single-antenna-eavesdropper systems with perfect information of the main channel and only the statistics of the eavesdropper's channel state information known at the transmitter. We adopt the celebrated artificial-noise (AN) assisted beamforming, which was studied by Goel and Negi with the limitation that the AN must be allocated in the null space of the main channel. By removing this limitation, we study the rate optimization problems over the covariance matrices of the signal and the AN. After exploring the structure of the optimal solutions, we show that the original optimization problem can be simplified as a much simpler power allocation problem. Our results show that to improve the rate performance, one may allocate the power of the AN in the directions of the right singular vectors of the main channel. Thus Goel and Negi's AN selection is strictly sub-optimal. Moreover, our simulations show that when the main channel has no null space, the rate performance of our optimized signaling outperforms that of Goel and Negi's significantly.