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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

A dressed atom interpretation of adiabatic rapid passage

James C. Camparo, R. P. Frueholz

Published Oct 28, 1984• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors have considered the problem of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) in a dressed atom formalism. They find that the conditions for ARP can be understood as conditions for minimising the probability of dressed atomic state transitions, and that these probabilities can be used to obtain an estimate of the degree of population reversal. Furthermore, by considering ARP in the dressed atom formalism the similarity between ARP and the Landau-Zener non-adiabatic transition problem is made quite apparent.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/17/20/015

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The parameters of adiabatic rapid passage in the 0-0 hyperfine transition of Rb-87

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Abstract : When an electromagnetic field, coupling two levels of an atomic or molecular system, has its frequency swept across resonance, population reversal can occur as a result of the coherent transient phenomenon known as adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). For this phenomenon to occur, the frequency sweep rate is required to be rapid with respect to the relaxation processes occuring in the system, and at the same time slow enough so that the system can follow the frequency sweep adiabatically. The present investigations treat ARP in the 87Rb hyperfine transition, where optical pumping produces a population imbalance in the ground-state hyperfine levels, and where the influence of a microwave frequency swept across the hyperfine resonance is monitored by the transmitted intensity of the optical pumping laser. These parameters relate to how adiabatic and how rapid the passage through resonance must be in order to maximize the degree of population reversal. We find both experimentally and theoretically that the adiabaticity requirement is rather weak, and that once satisfied, it is more important to pass through the resonance rapidly. Furthermore, interpreting our results in the Bloch vector model f ARP, we find that the Block vector is only required to precess a half revolution about the effective field in order to follow a 90 degree change in the direction of that field. The applicability of the present results of ARP in general is discussed. Originator supplied keywords include: Adiabatic rapid passage, Atomic line shapes, Quantum mechanics.

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Coherent population transfer in an atom using a sequence of adiabatic rapid passages through single-photon resonances is well-known, but it requires that the frequency sweep match the changing frequencies of the atomic transitions. The same population transfer can be effected via a single multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage, which requires only a small frequency sweep, if it is possible to select the desired multiphoton transition from the many possible transitions. Here we report the observation of population transfer between Rydberg states by high order multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage.

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The authors have considered the problem of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) in a dressed atom formalism. They find that the conditions for ARP can be understood as conditions for minimising the probability of dressed atomic state transitions, and that these probabilities can be used to obtain an estimate of the degree of population reversal. Furthermore, by considering ARP in the dressed atom formalism the similarity between ARP and the Landau-Zener non-adiabatic transition problem is made quite apparent.
Abstract : When an electromagnetic field, coupling two levels of an atomic or molecular system, has its frequency swept across resonance, population reversal can occur as a result of the coherent transient phenomenon known as adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). For this phenomenon to occur, the frequency sweep rate is required to be rapid with respect to the relaxation processes occuring in the system, and at the same time slow enough so that the system can follow the frequency sweep adiabatically. The present investigations treat ARP in the 87Rb hyperfine transition, where optical pumping produces a population imbalance in the ground-state hyperfine levels, and where the influence of a microwave frequency swept across the hyperfine resonance is monitored by the transmitted intensity of the optical pumping laser. These parameters relate to how adiabatic and how rapid the passage through resonance must be in order to maximize the degree of population reversal. We find both experimentally and theoretically that the adiabaticity requirement is rather weak, and that once satisfied, it is more important to pass through the resonance rapidly. Furthermore, interpreting our results in the Bloch vector model f ARP, we find that the Block vector is only required to precess a half revolution about the effective field in order to follow a 90 degree change in the direction of that field. The applicability of the present results of ARP in general is discussed. Originator supplied keywords include: Adiabatic rapid passage, Atomic line shapes, Quantum mechanics.
The parameters of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) in the ground-state 0-0 hyperfine transition of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb have been investigated. These parameters relate to how adiabatic and how rapid the passage through resonance must be in order to maximize the degree of population reversal. We find both experimentally and theoretically that the adiabaticity requirement is rather weak; and that once satisfied, it is more important to pass through the resonance rapidly. Furthermore, interpreting our results in the Bloch-vector model of ARP, we find that the Bloch vector is only required to precess a half revolution about the effective field in order to follow a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} change in the direction of that field. The applicability of the present results to ARP in general is discussed.
The influence of excited-state absorption (ESA) and two-exciton processes on a coherent population transfer with intense ultrashort chirped pulses in molecular systems in solution has been studied. A unified treatment of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) in such systems has been developed using a three-state electronic system with relaxation treated as a diffusion on electronic potential energy surfaces. We have shown that ESA has a profound effect on coherent population transfer in large molecules that necessitates a more accurate interpretation of experimental data. A simple and physically clear model for ARP in molecules with three electronic states in solution has been developed by extending the Landau-Zener calculations putting in a third level to random crossing of levels. A method for quantum control of two-exciton states in molecular complexes has been proposed. 1.
Adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) is a powerful technique for efficient transfer of population between quantum states. In the laboratory, the efficiency of ARP is often limited by noise on either the energies of the states or the frequency of the driving field. We study ARP in the simple setting of a two-level system subject to sinusoidal fluctuations on the energy level separation by numerically solving the optical Bloch equations in the absence of damping. We investigate the dependence of the efficiency of population transfer on the frequency and amplitude of the perturbation and find that it is predominantly affected by resonant coupling when the detuning matches the frequency of the noise. We present intuitive principles for when ARP becomes inefficient within this model, and provide a sufficient condition for the population transfer to be above an arbitrary threshold.
The use of optical forces to precisely control the motion of atoms has played a major role in expanding the field of atomic physics. However, in a majority of experiments, these optical forces are limited in strength by the inherent properties of the chosen atoms, mainly the rates of spontaneous emission, required to return the atoms to their ground state. It has been shown that the process of absorption, followed by stimulated-emission, can be used to provide a more rapid return to the atomic ground state. Through careful design of the experiment, a coherent exchange of momentum can take place, exerting a large force on the atoms. Adiabatic Rapid Passage (ARP) is a technique commonly used in the magnetic resonance community for the population inversion of a two-level spin system. This technique has been expanded to the optical regime and used to invert the electronic states of an atomic system, allowing for control over both absorption and stimulated emission. It has been previously demonstrated that this scheme can be used to generate large forces on stationary atoms. An in-depth study of this ARP force will be presented with a strong emphasis on experiments designed to measure the dependence of the ARP force on atomic velocity. The experiments use the 23S→23P2^3S\rightarrow2^3P23S→23P transition in Helium at $\lambda=1.083\unit{\um}$, and results show, that by using a properly-tailored pulse sequence, the ARP force can exerts a large force on atoms over a large velocity range, making it a potential candidate to decelerate neutral atomic (or molecular) beams Numerical simulations of multiple ARP processes on two-level atoms were run with the hopes of gaining further insight into the subsequent force. These simulations have unveiled some interesting questions about the ARP process. These questions pertain to spontaneous emission's effect on the force and the influence of the phase of the optical pulses on the atomic state. While the simulations exhibit some overall similarities with the experimental results quantitative agreement is generally poor. Explanation for this disagreement is presented along with a roadmap for future work. | 91 pages
Coherent population transfer in an atom using a sequence of adiabatic rapid passages through single-photon resonances is well-known, but it requires that the frequency sweep match the changing frequencies of the atomic transitions. The same population transfer can be effected via a single multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage, which requires only a small frequency sweep, if it is possible to select the desired multiphoton transition from the many possible transitions. Here we report the observation of population transfer between Rydberg states by high order multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage.