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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Rf-induced steps in intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/

Akinobu Irie, Y. Kurosu, Gin-ichiro Oya

Published Jun 1, 2003• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have investigated the RF-induced steps in intrinsic Josephson junctions in mesa-shaped Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ single crystals. By applying RF signal in the frequency range 2-20 GHz to the mesa, two types of responses were observed depending on the frequency of the applied microwave. One is the Shapiro step response observed at the frequencies above the Josephson plasma frequency for surface junction. Another is the microwave-induced vortex flow response for surface and inner junctions. We found that the junction size is also the key condition for the observation of Shapiro steps together with the frequency of applied microwave.

DOI
10.1109/tasc.2003.814079

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Applied Physics Letters•Jun 14, 1999•19 citations
We have investigated the RF-induced steps in intrinsic Josephson junctions in mesa-shaped Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ single crystals. By applying RF signal in the frequency range 2-20 GHz to the mesa, two types of responses were observed depending on the frequency of the applied microwave. One is the Shapiro step response observed at the frequencies above the Josephson plasma frequency for surface junction. Another is the microwave-induced vortex flow response for surface and inner junctions. We found that the junction size is also the key condition for the observation of Shapiro steps together with the frequency of applied microwave.
The microwave response properties of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+x long intrinsic Josephson junctions have been experimentally and theoretically investigated. We fabricated a mesa structure consisting of 14 junctions, 50 μm long and 4 μm wide, and observed the microwave-induced steps in the I-V characteristics under irradiation with microwaves in the range 5–8 GHz. The step voltages were proportional to the square root of the microwave power, implying that the steps were produced by the motion of fluxons created by the microwaves. The Josephson frequency corresponding to the maximum step voltage was estimated to be 570 GHz. The step voltage decreased with increasing temperature, which can be explained by the decrease of the Swihart velocity. We performed a numerical simulation using coupled sine-Gordon equations and obtained a power dependence of the step voltage similar to the experimental result, and demonstrated standing waves of electric fields with in-phase plasma oscillation in all the junctions. These facts suggest that the steps observed in the experiment were produced by plasma resonance excited by the external microwaves.
We present experiments on the far infrared response of intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8+x/ (BSCCO). We detected first order Shapiro steps on resistive branches in a frequency range between 584 GHz and 2.5 THz. Due to the very low power coupled into the junctions the suppression of the critical current was only weak. With increasing number of junctions in the resistive state a higher amplitude of the Shapiro steps was measured. As the frequencies are well above the plasma frequency of our junctions, the steps are expected to be stable at any power level. To verify this, step heights were studied at various power levels as a function of frequency. The impedance matching of the system improved considerably when several junctions have switched into the resistive state.
We report on high frequency experiments with mesa structures patterned on Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8+y/ single crystals (BSCCO). Due to the intrinsic Josephson effect between adjacent CuO/sub 2/ bilayers these mesas form stacks of 100 to 500 Josephson junctions. The ac-Josephson effect was investigated in the frequency range between 6 GHz and 120 GHz. We focus our interest on possible applications of intrinsic Josephson junctions as flux-flow oscillators and high-frequency mixers. These components form the essential parts of an integrated mm-wave receiver in BSCCO technology.
We studied a response of Bi-2212 mesa type structures to 100 GHz microwave radiation. We found that applying magnetic field of about 0.1 T across the layers enables to observe collective Shapiro step response corresponding to a synchronization of all 50 intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ) of the mesa. At high microwave power we observed up to 10th harmonics of the fundamental Shapiro step. Besides, we found microwave induced flux-flow step position of which is proportional to the square root of microwave power and that can exceed at high enough powers 1 THz operating frequency of IJJ oscillations.
We propose a new method for fabricating resistively shunted intrinsic Josephson junctions (RS-IJJs). Two mesas, measuring 6 × 6μm 2 and 100 × 100 μm 2 respectively in the a - b plane, have been fabricated in a Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ x single crystal with a SiO layer evaporated in-between as an insulator. A gold stripe was sputtered onto the insulator to connect the mesas, thus effectively shunting the smaller one. The current–voltage ( I – V ) curves of such RS-IJJs have shown the typical behaviour of a resistively shunted junction with greatly reduced hysteresis and voltage jump. Under microwave irradiation at a 3 mm waveband, we have registered three types of Shapiro steps: conventional, sub-harmonic and zero-crossing. In this rapid communication, we discuss the fabrication details, as well as the observations of the Shapiro steps.
With a 10 μm×10 μm mesa patterned on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals, we measure the current–voltage (I–V) curves of a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions. Current steps are observed at an equal voltage spacing of 4 mV when the sample is subjected to microwave radiation at around 7 GHz. With increase of the microwave power, more steps occur while the spacing between neighboring steps does not seem to change. The magnitude of each step depends on the microwave power in an oscillating way. Tuning the microwave frequency causes such steps to occur over separate frequency ranges, and each range is quite narrow. A temperature rise from 4.2 to 14.3 K completely quenches the step structures. Possible explanations for the step structures, based on resonances excited by microwave or geometric resonances in the junction cavity, are discussed.