An analytical expression of the Loschmidt echo in the Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick model is derived in the thermodynamical limit. It is used in the study of the decaying behaviour of the echo at the critical point of a quantum phase transition of the model. It is shown that the echo has a power law decay for relatively long times.
Analytical expressions are derived for the fidelity and for the quantum Loschmidt echo in the broken phase of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model for large particle number N. A detailed comparison is given between this model and some other models for the decaying behaviors of the two quantities in the neighborhood of critical points. The two quantities show qualitatively different decaying behaviors on the two sides of the critical point. Specifically, in the broken phase they behave in a way similar to those in models such as the one-dimensional Ising chain in a transverse field. In contrast, in the symmetric phase, the similarity is to those in models such as the Dicke model.
A critically enhanced decay of the Loschmidt echo is characteristic of sudden quench dynamics near a quantum phase transition. Here, we demonstrate that the decay and revival of the Loschmidt echo follows power-law scaling in the system size and the distance from a critical point with equilibrium critical exponents. We reveal such dynamical scaling laws by analyzing relevant perturbations to the Loschmidt echo cast in a scaling invariant form. We confirm the validity and the generality of the predicted dynamical scaling laws with a diverse range of critical models such as Ising spin models with a short and long range interaction, a finite-component system phase transition, and a topological phase transition. Moreover, using the integrability of systems in the thermodynamic limit, we derive such scaling laws analytically from a microscopic analysis. Our finding promotes the Loschmidt echo to a quantitative non-equilibrium probe of criticality and allows for quantitative predictions on the role of criticality on various physical scenarios where the Loschmidt echo is central to describing non-equilibrium dynamics.
We study the adiabatic dynamics of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model close to its quantum critical point by linearly switching the transverse field from an initial large value to zero. We concentrate our attention on the residual energy after the quench in order to characterize the level of diabaticity of the evolution. As a function of the characteristic time of the quench $\ensuremath{\tau}$ we identify three different regimes. For fast quenches the residual energy Eres is almost independent on $\ensuremath{\tau}$. For slower quenches a second intermediate region appears in which a powerlike decay emerges with ${E}_{\text{res}}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}3/2}$. By further slowing the quench rate, we find a third large-$\ensuremath{\tau}$ regime characterized by a different power law, ${E}_{\text{res}}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. All these findings can be accounted for by means of an effective Landau-Zener approximation for the finite-size LMG model. We complete our description of the adiabatic dynamics of the LMG model through the analysis of the entanglement entropy of the evolved state.
We report on quantum revivals and classical periodicities of wave packets centered around the ground state within the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. Special attention is paid to the behavior at first- and second-order phase transitions. In line with previous studies, we find that away from criticality, characteristic times exhibit smooth, nonsingular behavior, but upon approaching the transition points they diverge as power laws with associated critical exponents. Finite-size effects are studied and the observed phenomenology is discussed in the framework of the time-energy uncertainty relation.
We examine the dynamics after a sudden quench in the magnetic field of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. Starting from the groundstate and by employing the Loschmidt echo, we see manifestly different dynamics are present if the system is quenched through the critical point. Furthermore, we show that the average work shows no sensitivity to the quantum phase transition, however the free energy and irreversible work show markedly different rates of change in each phase. Finally, we assess the spectral function showing the fundamental excitations that dictate the dynamics of the post-quenched system, further highlighting the qualitative differences between the dynamics in the two phases.