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Physical Review A

Strong-field modulation of semiconductor luminescence spectra

Markus Lindberg, Sunghyuck An, Stephan W. Koch, M. Sargent

Published Oct 1, 1989• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a bulk semiconductor subject to an injection current and an arbitrarily intense electromagnetic wave. We assume that the electron-hole system is in quasiequilibrium due to the rapid carrier-carrier intraband scattering. The analysis is based on the generalized Bloch equations for semiconductors. Although the fast carrier scattering heavily damps the electronic coherence, it nevertheless allows the total carrier density to adiabatically follow the relatively slowly varying field fluctuations. As a consequence, the resonance fluorescence spectra reveal an asymmetric peak generated by pump scattering from carrier-density pulsations induced by the interference between the pump and a vacuum mode. Similar to the two-level fluorescence and probe absorption, the semiconductor-probe absorption coefficient equals the difference between the resonance fluorescence and reabsorption coefficients. The results are important for nonlinear semiconductor spectroscopy and semiconductor laser instabilities.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.40.4415

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We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a bulk semiconductor subject to an injection current and an arbitrarily intense electromagnetic wave. We assume that the electron-hole system is in quasiequilibrium due to the rapid carrier-carrier intraband scattering. The analysis is based on the generalized Bloch equations for semiconductors. Although the fast carrier scattering heavily damps the electronic coherence, it nevertheless allows the total carrier density to adiabatically follow the relatively slowly varying field fluctuations. As a consequence, the resonance fluorescence spectra reveal an asymmetric peak generated by pump scattering from carrier-density pulsations induced by the interference between the pump and a vacuum mode. Similar to the two-level fluorescence and probe absorption, the semiconductor-probe absorption coefficient equals the difference between the resonance fluorescence and reabsorption coefficients. The results are important for nonlinear semiconductor spectroscopy and semiconductor laser instabilities.
We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a bulk semiconductor subject to an injection current and an arbitrarily intense electromagnetic wave. We assume that the electronhole system is in quasiequilibrium due to the rapid carrier-carrier intraband scattering. The analysis is based on the generalized Bloch equations1 for semiconductors. Although the fast carrier scattering heavily damps the electronic coherence, it nevertheless allows the medium to follow adiabatically the relatively slowly varying field fluctuations. As a consequence, the resonance fluorescence spectra reveal asymmetric dips generated by pump scattering off carrier-density pulsations induced by the interference between the pump and vacuum mode. Similar to the two-level resonance fluorescence and probe absorption, the semiconductor probe absorption coefficient equals the difference between the resonance fluorescence and reabsorption coefficients. The results are important for nonlinear semiconductor spectroscopy and semiconductor laser instabilities.
This paper analyzes the interaction of a strong wave and one or two probe waves with an intrinsic semiconductor medium which is partially inverted by an injection current. The many-body interactions of the electron-hole excitations are described using recently developed generalized Bloch equations for semiconductors. Coupled-mode equations for the different light fields are derived and solved, and predict that the gain and the coupling coefficients experience asymmetric dips. These dips are generated by scattering of the strong field off carrier-density pulsations induced by the pump-probe interference.
We consider an intrinsic semiconductor medium subject to an injection current, an arbitrarily intense electromagnetic wave, and one or two non-saturating waves. We assume that the saturating wave intensity is constant throughout the interaction region and ignore transverse variations. We further assume that the carrier–carrier scattering is sufficiently fast that the carriers are described approximately by Fermi-Dirac distributions. We find that the probe-wave propagation is described by Beer’s law or coupled-mode equations. These equations are determined by a Fourier expansion technique highly developed for two-level atoms. The absorption and coupling coefficients experience asymmetric dips generated by pump scattering off carrier-density pulsations induced by the pump–probe interference. These effects are reminiscent of coherent-dip phenomena well-known in two-level systems but differ significantly in form.
Optical interband excitonic absorption of semiconductor quantum wells (QW’s) driven by a coherent pump field is investigated on the basis of semiconductor Bloch equations. The pump field has a photon energy close to the intersubband spacing between the first two conduction subbands in the QW’s. An external weak optical field probes the interband transition. The excitonic effects and pump-induced population redistribution within the conduction subbands in the QW system are included. When the density of the electron–hole pairs in the QW structure is low, the pump field induces an Autler–Townes splitting of the exciton absorption spectrum. The split size and the peak positions of the absorption doublet depend not only on the pump frequency and intensity but also on the carrier density. As the density of the electron–hole pairs is increased, the split contrast (the ratio between the maximum and the minimum values) is decreased, because the exciton effect is suppressed at higher densities owing to the many-body screening.
Femtosecond-pulse propagation in resonantly excited semiconductors is investigated by numerically solving the semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations for plane waves. For excitation at the exciton resonance, it is shown that the pulse absorption exhibits a strongly nonlinear dependence on the input pulse area. Very long propagation distances for strong pulses are observed, but even when all dephasing processes have been neglected, no lossless propagation (self-induced transparency) was found. The influence of the electron-hole many-body effects, nonequilibrium carrier relaxation, and optical dephasing on the pulse-propagation dynamics is studied. The exchange interaction in the electron-hole plasma is shown to support large propagation distances. For excitation of the continuum states, the dependence of the absorption on the intensity of the input pulse is reduced due to the rapid carrier relaxation into quasiequilibrium distributions.
We theoretically estimate the possibility of detectable coherence effects in nonlinear femtosecond pump-and-probe absorption spectroscopy of semiconductors at high excitation energies and densities by hybridizing the quantum mechanical equations of motion for the intraband and interband density matrices of the photoexcited carriers with an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of the detailed scattering dynamics. We predict realizable experimental scenarios for Rabi-type oscillations in the transient absorption change at the excitation frequency.