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International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Semiclassical quantization of circular billiard in homogeneous magnetic field: Berry‐Tabor approach

Gergely Palla, Gábor Vattay, József Cserti

Published Jan 1, 2001• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Semiclassical methods are accurate in general in leading order of ħ, since they approximate quantum mechanics via canonical invariants. Often canonically noninvariant terms appear in the Schrödinger equation which are proportional to ħ2, therefore a discrepancy between different semiclassical trace formulas in order of ħ2 seems to be possible. We derive here the Berry‐Tabor formula for a circular billiard in a homogeneous magnetic field. The formula derived for the semiclassical density of states surprisingly coincides with the results of Creagh‐Littlejohn theory despite the presence of canonically noninvariant terms.

DOI
10.1155/s0161171201020129

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Semiclassical methods are accurate in general in leading order of ħ, since they approximate quantum mechanics via canonical invariants. Often canonically noninvariant terms appear in the Schrödinger equation which are proportional to ħ2, therefore a discrepancy between different semiclassical trace formulas in order of ħ2 seems to be possible. We derive here the Berry‐Tabor formula for a circular billiard in a homogeneous magnetic field. The formula derived for the semiclassical density of states surprisingly coincides with the results of Creagh‐Littlejohn theory despite the presence of canonically noninvariant terms.
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Abstract We derive semiclassical trace formulae including Gutzwiller's trace formula using coherent states. This formulation has several advantages over the usual coordinate‐space formulation. Using a coherent‐state basis makes it immediately obvious that classical periodic orbits make separate contributions to the trace of the quantum‐mechanical time evolution operator. In addition, our approach is manifestly canonically invariant at all stages, and leads to the simplest possible derivation of Gutzwiller's formula.
We discuss the application of Gutzwiller's semiclassical theory to a circular billiard with a singular magnetic flux line added at its center. The Aharonov-Bohm effect manifests itself through the cancellation of periodic orbits for particular flux strengths. Diffraction phenomena affect the gross-shell structure of the level density and require corrections of higher order in \ensuremath{\Elzxh}. The full quantization of the level spectrum, however, is much less affected. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Abstract One of the fundamental results of semiclassical theory is the existence of trace formulae showing how spectra of quantum mechanical systems emerge from massive interference among amplitudes related with time-periodic structures of the corresponding classical limit. If it displays the properties of Hamiltonian integrability, this connection is given by the celebrated Berry–Tabor trace formula, and the periodic structures it is built on are tori supporting closed trajectories in phase space. Here we show how to extend this connection into the domain of quantum many-body systems displaying integrability in the sense of the Bethe ansatz, where a classical limit cannot be rigorously defined due to the presence of singular potentials. Formally following the original derivation of Berry and Tabor (1976 Proc. R. Soc. A 349 101), but applied to the Bethe equations without underlying classical structure, we obtain a many-particle trace formula for the density of states of N interacting bosons on a ring, the Lieb–Liniger model. Our semiclassical expressions are in excellent agreement with quantum mechanical results for <?CDATA N=2,3N = 2,3N=2,3?> N = 2 , 3 and 4 particles. For N = 2 we relate our results to the quantization of billiards with mixed boundary conditions. Our work paves the way towards the treatment of the important class of integrable many-body systems by means of semiclassical trace formulae pioneered by Michael Berry in the single-particle context.
In general, trace formulas relate the density of states for a given quantum mechanical system to the properties of the periodic orbits of its classical counterpart. Here we report for the first time on a semiclassical description of microwave spectra taken from superconducting billiards of the Limaçon family showing mixed dynamics in terms of a generalized trace formula derived by Ullmo et al. [Phys. Rev. E 54, 136 (1996)]. This expression not only describes mixed-typed behavior but also the limiting cases of fully regular and fully chaotic systems and thus presents a continuous interpolation between the Berry-Tabor and Gutzwiller formulas.