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Review of Scientific Instruments

A novel Cs-129Xe atomic spin gyroscope with closed-loop Faraday modulation

Jiancheng Fang, Shuangai Wan, Jie Qin, Chen Zhang, Wei Quan, Heng Yuan, Haifeng Dong

Published Aug 1, 2013• 41 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a novel Cs-(129)Xe atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) with closed-loop Faraday modulation method. This ASG requires approximately 30 min to start-up and 110 °C to operate. A closed-loop Faraday modulation method for measurement of the optical rotation was used in this ASG. This method uses an additional Faraday modulator to suppress the laser intensity fluctuation and Faraday modulator thermal induced fluctuation. We theoretically and experimentally validate this method in the Cs-(129)Xe ASG and achieved a bias stability of approximately 3.25 °∕h.

DOI
10.1063/1.4819306

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原子旋转回转仪(ASG ) 基于 comagnetometer 是为未来的一个高敏感、紧缩的回转仪惯性的航行应用。启动时间基于 3He-K 或 21Ne-Rb-K comagnetometer 是几小时表明的 ASG，并且仅仅一些惯性的航行应用为准备允许如此的很长时间。我们基于 129Xe-Cs comagnetometer 报导 ASG 的示范，它减少 10 分钟和减少的启动时间在 40% 的操作温度也。由在旋转交换松驰操作这 ASG 释放政体， 7 楴楶祴戠 ' 啼椽棯 e 牴湯的敏感吗？

中国科学通报：英文版•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations
We report a novel Cs-(129)Xe atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) with closed-loop Faraday modulation method. This ASG requires approximately 30 min to start-up and 110 °C to operate. A closed-loop Faraday modulation method for measurement of the optical rotation was used in this ASG. This method uses an additional Faraday modulator to suppress the laser intensity fluctuation and Faraday modulator thermal induced fluctuation. We theoretically and experimentally validate this method in the Cs-(129)Xe ASG and achieved a bias stability of approximately 3.25 °∕h.
Atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) based on comagnetometer is a high sensitive and compact gyroscope for future inertial navigation applications. The start-up time was several hours of the demonstrated ASGs based on 3 He-K or 21 Ne-Rb-K comagnetometer, and only a few inertial navigation applications allow such a long time for preparation. We report the demonstration of an ASG based on 129 Xe-Cs comagnetometer, which decreases the start-up time to 10 minutes and decreases the operation temperature by 40% as well. By operating this ASG in spin exchange relaxation free regime, a sensitivity of 7×10 −5 °/(s Hz 1/2 ) was achieved.
In traditional spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) gyroscopes, open-loop detection leaves the scale factor vulnerable to fluctuations in probe laser intensity and environmental temperature. To address this, an external-modulator-free closed-loop atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) is demonstrated using direct probe laser injection current modulation. A magnetic feedback loop maintains the total optical rotation at a zero point, decoupling the inertial signal from intensity and optical depth variations. Experimental results demonstrate a closed-loop rotation sensitivity of 2.8×10 −6 °/s/Hz 1/2 at 1 Hz. Compared to open-loop measurements under identical conditions (1×10 −5 ∘ /s/Hz 1/2 ), low-frequency noise is significantly suppressed. By eliminating bulky external modulators and effectively suppressing low-frequency noise, this design offers a highly competitive architecture for miniaturized atomic inertial sensors.
Optical rotation of linearly polarized light is used to measure atom spin precession in an atomic spin gyroscope (ASG). However, the common-mode noise in the polarization measurement seriously affects the performance of the sensitive ASG. Here we propose an optical differential detection method based on the photoelastic polarization modulation, which could effectively eliminate the light power fluctuation of the laser source and optical elements, while removing the polarization noise and the residual birefringence. The feasibility and efficiency of this method have been verified experimentally. The rotation sensitivity of the ASG is an order of magnitude better, and the long-time stability is significantly improved. In addition, this method is easier to implement because noise sources do not need to be strictly distinguished.
We present a method to determine and suppress the light shift in an atomic spin gyroscope. This method doesn't require additional drive source or frequency modulation, and it is based on the dynamics of an atomic spin gyroscope to determine a clean curve as a function of the frequency of the pump beam that predicts the zero light shift. We experimentally validate the method in a Cs-(129)Xe atomic spin gyroscope and verify the results through numerical simulations. This method can also be applied to an atomic spin magnetometer based on the spin-exchange relaxation-free exchange that experiences light shift. The method is useful for atomic spin devices because it can improve long-term performance and reduce the influence of the laser.
The atomic spin gyroscope (ASG), based on spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometers, is poised to become the next generation of high-precision inertial sensors. However, the long-term stability of the gyro can be limited by electron spin polarization. In this study, we investigate a novel real-time, in situ quantum feedback control technique for electron spin polarization in ASGs. By varying the pumping rates, we analyze the gyroscope’s response to the modulation magnetic field, finding that electron polarization dramatically affects the magnetic field response properties of ASGs. It’s demonstrated that the amplitude or phase of the electron spin resonance can be locked for in situ control of electron spin polarization in real-time. A K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer is established to implement the proposed method, where a transverse modulating magnetic field is applied to resonate with the electron spin. The lock-in amplification (LIA) technique is used to obtain the amplitude or phase of the electron spin resonance, and the electron spin polarization is closed-loop controlled by locking the second harmonic resonance amplitude or phase. The gyro signal is extracted from the first harmonic of the electron spin resonance. Our experimental results show that real-time in situ feedback control of electron spin significantly improves ASG’s long-term stability and suppresses low-frequency noise. This proposed method has broad application prospects, including optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (NMRGs), and co-magnetometers.
原子旋转回转仪(ASG ) 基于 comagnetometer 是为未来的一个高敏感、紧缩的回转仪惯性的航行应用。启动时间基于 3He-K 或 21Ne-Rb-K comagnetometer 是几小时表明的 ASG，并且仅仅一些惯性的航行应用为准备允许如此的很长时间。我们基于 129Xe-Cs comagnetometer 报导 ASG 的示范，它减少 10 分钟和减少的启动时间在 40% 的操作温度也。由在旋转交换松驰操作这 ASG 释放政体， 7 楴楶祴戠 ' 啼椽棯 e 牴湯的敏感吗？