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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Towards high repetition rate operational quantum relay at telecom wavelength

Lutfi Arif Ngah, Virginia D’Auria, Laurent Labonté, Olivier Alibart, Sébastien Tanzilli

Published Jul 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum entanglement, besides being a theoretical ground in quantum physics, is now considered as a key resource for the implementations of many complex quantum information science (QIS) protocols. One of the most investigated QIS protocols for long-distance quantum communication, involving entanglement as a genuine resource, is the entanglement swapping in quantum relay (QR) configuration. Alas, the quality of a QR is heavily affected by synchronization issues between remote entangled photon pair sources. In this paper, we present an all-optical, high repetition rate synchronization technique in picosecond regime, and demonstrate the realization of ultra-fast photon pair sources based on high-performance telecom components and nonlinear optics.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2014.6876396

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Quantum entanglement, besides being a theoretical ground in quantum physics, is now considered as a key resource for the implementations of many complex quantum information science (QIS) protocols. One of the most investigated QIS protocols for long-distance quantum communication, involving entanglement as a genuine resource, is the entanglement swapping in quantum relay (QR) configuration. Alas, the quality of a QR is heavily affected by synchronization issues between remote entangled photon pair sources. In this paper, we present an all-optical, high repetition rate synchronization technique in picosecond regime, and demonstrate the realization of ultra-fast photon pair sources based on high-performance telecom components and nonlinear optics.
We report an all-optical realisation of a quantum relay experiment at a telecom wavelength. The main idea relies on utilizing a picosecond 2.5 GHz repetition rate telecom laser as a master clock to allow, thanks to dedicated distribution channels, the generation of synchronized entangled pairs of photons at remote locations. This is a necessary condition for achieving a reliable quantum relay function over a significant distance. We report a two-photon interference visibility at the relay station greater than 99%, validating our synchronization scheme at optical table scale, and paving the way for an extend of the communication distance.
Periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides (PPLN/W) are nowadays considered to be one of the most useful toolboxes for quantum communication experiments. Thanks to the high optical confinement over longer lengths than in bulk configurations (a few cm in our case), such structures provide highly efficient non-linear interactions, both in down- and up-conversion regimes. Within the framework of long-distance quantum communication at telecom wavelength, PPLN/Ws have therefore been proved to be a key ingredient for building ultra-bright sources of energy-time, time-bin, as well as polarization entangled pairs of photons, up-conversion based detectors for telecom photon detection and photonic quantum interfaces for coherent wavelength conversion, as well as quantum relays in the entanglement swapping configuration. During the presentation, we will discuss some recent experimental advances regarding two quantum relay scenarios employed to extend the maximum achievable distance of quantum communication. Based on picosecond regime operation, the first relies on the entanglement swapping configuration, and the other on single qubit teleportation using a telecom oriented chip dedicated to one-way quantum communication. In the first realization, we demonstrate that the utilization of PPLN/Ws and standard components available from the telecommunications industry, associated with the picosecond operation regime enables reaching near-perfect two-photon interference (or coalescence) while maintaining high effective photon pair rates. Using pairs of photons emitted around 1550 nm and appropriate filtering stages, we obtain the highest coalescence net visibility, i.e., of 99%, ever reported. As coalescence is seen a major step towards entanglement swapping, we believe that our picosecond guided-wave scheme provides an efficient trade-off between CW and femtosecond regimes, and emphasize why it should lead to realistic quantum relay and repeater schemes, namely by offering an reduced-constraint solution to the synchronization issue when two completely independent lasers are employed. We shall focus on our experimental demonstration and detail a comparative study of performance with similar reported experiments. As a second realization, we will give further directions towards the integration of several functions on a single optical chip, such as a photon pair generator and electro-optically controllable couplers. The idea is to realize a telecom-like quantum relay chip on lithium niobate through which teleportation of single qubits can be done so as to provide the necessary relay function in a compact, stable, efficient, and user-friendly fashion. We will discuss preliminary results obtained with this device for fully fiber-based one-way quantum communication systems. We will conclude by emphasizing the large potential of what we call "guided-wave quantum communication" developed in our laboratory.
Summary form only given. Entanglement based quantum communications and quantum networks are considered as fundamental resources to address the demand of secure communications. In this context, the architecture known as quantum relay plays a crucial role as it allows linking together independent communication channels each spanned by a pair of entangled photons. In particular, this scheme is particularly interesting for long instance applications where the bad effect of propagation losses and detection imperfections can be reduced by dividing a long link into shorter subsections and connecting then via entanglement teleportation [1].In conclusion, our scheme offers a valid and extremely simple solution to the source synchronization issues affecting the quantum relay schemes. Eventually, we note that the proposed configuration completely relies on off-the-shelf telecom and non-linear components, that can be easily interfaced to existing telecom fibre networks.
We present an all-optical method for synchronizing remote quantum network stations dedicated to the generation or the storage of photonic entanglement. We apply our method to the connection of two sources emitting pairs of photons at telecom wavelengths. Our experimental setup is based on a pulsed telecom fiber laser operating at 2.5 GHz that pumps, after frequency doubling, two nonlinear waveguide photon-pair sources. Our synchronization scheme is validated via the implementation of a two-photon interference experiment performed at the relay station, i.e. where the Bell state measurement takes place. We show a raw visibility greater than 90%, obtained in the 4-fold coincidence counts, for a separation distance of 100 km between the photon- pair sources. This result demonstrates the relevance of our approach.