Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Quantum paramagnetic amplifier utilizing synthetic emerald crystals

A. A. Akhumyan, Zh A Arakelyan, G V Bukin, R. М. Мartirosyan, V K Ogneva

Published Jan 31, 1979• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum paramagnetic amplifier with a resonator was constructed using synthetic emerald crystals. The amplifier gain was 15–18 dB in a band 6–8 MHz wide. For the Cr3+ ion concentrations of 0.26% the inversion coefficient was 6.5. The magnetic Q factor of the active material was ~170.
DOI
10.1070/qe1979v009n01abeh008691

Related papers

Cross-relaxation quantum amplifier operating at 22.2 GHz

L. Eh. Abramyan, A. A. Akhumyan, R. М. Мartirosyan +1 more

A cross-relaxation ruby quantum amplifier operating at 22.2 GHz was constructed. The 4→3 signal transition and the 2→4 pump transition were used in the θ=76° and 90° orientations. A gain of 18 dB was obtained for a passband of 13 MHz. Possible cross relaxations at the working point were considered. The inversion coefficient was calculated by solving the rate equations in the presence of cross relaxation.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Sep 30, 1975•0 citations

Trivalent-iron-doped andalusite as crystal for microwave waves

I. I. Eru, S. A. Peskovatskiǐ, A. Chernets

Paramagnetic ions Fe3+, substituted as an impurity in andalusite (Al2SiO5) host crystals, have been experimentally investigated. The spin-lattice relaxation and cross-relaxation times and inversion ratio in this spin system were observed. Dielectric properties of the host crystals were determined. General maser properties of trivalent-iron-doped andalusite crystal are discussed. Two types of the andalusite cavity masers are described. TheX-band three-level maser operates at a temperature of 2.1°K and a magnetic field of 1400 gauss. Electronic gains of 25 dB and instantaneous bandwidth of 3.5 \pm 0.5 MHz, at the frequency of 9.45 GHz, were obtained. TheF-band push-pull maser operates at a temperature of 2.1°K and a magnetic field of 2800 gauss. Electronic gains of 30 dB and instantaneous bandwidth of 5.5 ± 0.5 MHZ, at the frequency of 100.4 GHz, were obtained.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Nov 1, 1968•13 citations

Multimode Parametric Amplifier for K-Band Quantum Measurements

Chulwoo Ahn, Vladimir Manucharyan

We demonstrate K-band nondegenerate three-wave-mixing amplification in a multimode resonator comprising an array of 500 SNAILs. Pairing K-band signal modes with lower-frequency internal idler modes enables 20 dB of gain continuously from 19.6 to 25.6 GHz with pump frequencies below 32.2 GHz. At 20 dB gain, the 3-dB bandwidth ranges from 2.6 to 11.7 MHz, and the input-referred 1-dB compression power reaches -100.9 dBm. In the 20-22 GHz band, the average added noise is 0.73 quanta. A two-mode nondegenerate parametric amplification model describes the measured gain response and gain-bandwidth behavior, while a multimode Kerr model captures the overall compression scale. Our amplifier provides a practical solution for implementing a state-of-the-art readout of superconducting qubits in the K-band.

quant-pharXiv:2610.27743•Oct 21, 2026•0 citations

Arrays of Josephson tunnel junctions as parametric amplifiers

S. Wahlsten, S. Rudner, T. Claeson

Arrays of 10 or 40 series-connected small densely packed Josephson tunnel junctions were successfully operated as parametric amplifiers at 10 GHz. Between 50 and 90% of the junctions in an array were observed to work coherently in the amplification process. Signal gain exceeding 24 dB was achieved with a pump power as low as −50 to −70 dBm. A power width (i.e., the range of the pump power for a gain within 3 dB of the peak gain) of 0.25 dB and a bandwidth of 15 MHz were measured for 20-dB gain. The power width was in accordance with theory but the bandwidth was reduced, probably due to noise saturation effects. The latter effects can be reduced by lowering the input noise temperature or by including an external band limitation. The noise temperature was also increased by saturation; however, with an external bandwidth of 60 MHz, a noise temperature of 30±20 K was measured. The application of a magnetic field has proved extremely useful as a means of tuning the amplifiers to stable high-gain operating points. This tuning was also utilized in evaluating the amplifier parameters, and the theory by Feldman, Parrish, and Chiao has been verified. The upper frequency limit for a lead tunnel junction amplifier ought to be well above 300 GHz.

Journal of Applied Physics•Jul 1, 1978•60 citations

APPLICATION OF PARAMAGNETIC CRYSTALS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS

Georgii M. Zverev, Nikolai V. Karlov, L. S. Kornienko +2 more

I. Introduction 401 II. Energy Levels of Paramagnetic Ions in Crystals 401 III. Relaxation Effects in Paramagnetic Crystals 408 IV. Quantum-Mechanical (Paramagnetic) Microwave Amplifiers (Masers) 415 V. Quantum -Mechanical Optical Oscillators and Amplifiers (Optical Masers) 420 VI. Conclusion 426 Literature References 426

Soviet Physics Uspekhi•Mar 31, 1962•5 citations

Josephson Array-Mode Parametric Amplifier

Volodymyr Sivak, Shyam Shankar, Guangtong Liu +2 more

We introduce a near-quantum-limited amplifier with a large tunable bandwidth and high dynamic range---the Josephson array-mode parametric amplifier (JAMPA). The signal and idler modes involved in the amplification process are realized by the array modes of a chain of 1000 flux-tunable Josephson-junction-based nonlinear elements. The frequency spacing between the array modes is comparable to the flux tunability of the modes, ensuring that any desired frequency can be occupied by a resonant mode, which can further be pumped to produce high gain. We experimentally demonstrate that the device can be operated as a nearly quantum-limited parametric amplifier with 20 dB of gain at almost any frequency within a 4--12-GHz band. On average, it has a 3-dB bandwidth of 11 MHz and an input 1-dB compression power of $\ensuremath{-}108\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dBm}$, which can go as high as $\ensuremath{-}93\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dBm}$. We envision the application of such a device to the time- and frequency-multiplexed readout of multiple qubits, as well as to the generation of continuous-variable cluster states.

arXiv:1909.08005•Physical Review Applied•Feb 7, 2020•57 citations
Paramagnetic ions Fe3+, substituted as an impurity in andalusite (Al2SiO5) host crystals, have been experimentally investigated. The spin-lattice relaxation and cross-relaxation times and inversion ratio in this spin system were observed. Dielectric properties of the host crystals were determined. General maser properties of trivalent-iron-doped andalusite crystal are discussed. Two types of the andalusite cavity masers are described. TheX-band three-level maser operates at a temperature of 2.1°K and a magnetic field of 1400 gauss. Electronic gains of 25 dB and instantaneous bandwidth of 3.5 \pm 0.5 MHz, at the frequency of 9.45 GHz, were obtained. TheF-band push-pull maser operates at a temperature of 2.1°K and a magnetic field of 2800 gauss. Electronic gains of 30 dB and instantaneous bandwidth of 5.5 ± 0.5 MHZ, at the frequency of 100.4 GHz, were obtained.
We demonstrate K-band nondegenerate three-wave-mixing amplification in a multimode resonator comprising an array of 500 SNAILs. Pairing K-band signal modes with lower-frequency internal idler modes enables 20 dB of gain continuously from 19.6 to 25.6 GHz with pump frequencies below 32.2 GHz. At 20 dB gain, the 3-dB bandwidth ranges from 2.6 to 11.7 MHz, and the input-referred 1-dB compression power reaches -100.9 dBm. In the 20-22 GHz band, the average added noise is 0.73 quanta. A two-mode nondegenerate parametric amplification model describes the measured gain response and gain-bandwidth behavior, while a multimode Kerr model captures the overall compression scale. Our amplifier provides a practical solution for implementing a state-of-the-art readout of superconducting qubits in the K-band.
Arrays of 10 or 40 series-connected small densely packed Josephson tunnel junctions were successfully operated as parametric amplifiers at 10 GHz. Between 50 and 90% of the junctions in an array were observed to work coherently in the amplification process. Signal gain exceeding 24 dB was achieved with a pump power as low as −50 to −70 dBm. A power width (i.e., the range of the pump power for a gain within 3 dB of the peak gain) of 0.25 dB and a bandwidth of 15 MHz were measured for 20-dB gain. The power width was in accordance with theory but the bandwidth was reduced, probably due to noise saturation effects. The latter effects can be reduced by lowering the input noise temperature or by including an external band limitation. The noise temperature was also increased by saturation; however, with an external bandwidth of 60 MHz, a noise temperature of 30±20 K was measured. The application of a magnetic field has proved extremely useful as a means of tuning the amplifiers to stable high-gain operating points. This tuning was also utilized in evaluating the amplifier parameters, and the theory by Feldman, Parrish, and Chiao has been verified. The upper frequency limit for a lead tunnel junction amplifier ought to be well above 300 GHz.
We introduce a near-quantum-limited amplifier with a large tunable bandwidth and high dynamic range---the Josephson array-mode parametric amplifier (JAMPA). The signal and idler modes involved in the amplification process are realized by the array modes of a chain of 1000 flux-tunable Josephson-junction-based nonlinear elements. The frequency spacing between the array modes is comparable to the flux tunability of the modes, ensuring that any desired frequency can be occupied by a resonant mode, which can further be pumped to produce high gain. We experimentally demonstrate that the device can be operated as a nearly quantum-limited parametric amplifier with 20 dB of gain at almost any frequency within a 4--12-GHz band. On average, it has a 3-dB bandwidth of 11 MHz and an input 1-dB compression power of $\ensuremath{-}108\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dBm}$, which can go as high as $\ensuremath{-}93\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dBm}$. We envision the application of such a device to the time- and frequency-multiplexed readout of multiple qubits, as well as to the generation of continuous-variable cluster states.