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Chinese Physics B

Phase control of spontaneous emission from a double-band photonic crystals

Ke Zhang, Yanping Zhu, Jiang Li, Hanzhuang Zhang

Published May 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Through the picture of dressed states, this paper investigates the spontaneous emission spectrum from a microwave-driven three-level atom embedded in double-band photonic crystals. The physical dynamics of the phase dependent phenomenon are analysed by comparing two models 'upper level coupling' and 'lower level coupling'. When the phase is changed from 0 to π, the variety of spontaneous emission spectra from either of the two models are inverse to each other, in which the relative height and width of the peaks are determined by the density of states in photonic crystals.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/19/5/054206

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Through the picture of dressed states, this paper investigates the spontaneous emission spectrum from a microwave-driven three-level atom embedded in double-band photonic crystals. The physical dynamics of the phase dependent phenomenon are analysed by comparing two models 'upper level coupling' and 'lower level coupling'. When the phase is changed from 0 to π, the variety of spontaneous emission spectra from either of the two models are inverse to each other, in which the relative height and width of the peaks are determined by the density of states in photonic crystals.
The spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atom driven by a microwave field was studied. For the two transitions coupled to the same modified reservoir, we discussed the influence of photonic band gap and Rabi frequency of the microwave field on the emission spectrum. The emission spectrum is given for different locations of the upper band-edge frequency. With the transition frequencies moving from outside the band gap to inside, the number of peaks decreases in the emission spectrum and the multipeak structure of spectral line is finally replaced by a strong non-Lorentzian shape. With increase of the Rabi frequency of the microwave field, we find the spectral line changes from a multipeak structure to a two-peak structure, originating from the inhibition of spontaneous emission for the corresponding decay channel.
We theoretically investigate the spontaneous emission light of an excited three-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal with two asymmetric bands. The property of spontaneous emission relating to the atomic position in a unit cell of the crystal is described with a position-dependent phase difference. The atomic transition in free space can be manipulated by the other associated transition coupling to photonic crystal. The result shows that the spontaneous emission spectra are effectively shifted and tuned by the atomic position-dependent phase, which results in the asymmetric distribution of the photonic density of states between two bands, and the increasing band can push the emitted light towards the other band. The physical process can be further illuminated through analyzing the emitted field in photonic crystal. The result perhaps offers an interesting route towards tunable photonic devices.
The spontaneous emission from a microwave-driven four-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal is studied. Due to the modified density of state (DOS) in the anisotropic photonic band gap (PBG) and the coherent control induced by the coupling fields, spontaneous emission can be significantly enhanced when the position of the spontaneous emission peak gets close to the band gap edge. As a result of the closed-loop interaction between the fields and the atom, the spontaneous emission depends on the dynamically induced Autler–Townes splitting and its position relative to the PBG. Interesting phenomena, such as spectral-line suppression, enhancement and narrowing, and fluorescence quenching, appear in the spontaneous emission spectra, which are modulated by amplitudes and phases of the coherently driven fields and the effect of PBG. This theoretical study can provide us with more efficient methods to manipulate the atomic spontaneous emission.
The two models of three-level (one upper level and two lower levels, or two upper levels and one lower level) atom embedded in a double-band photonic crystal are adopted. The atomic transitions from the upper levels to the lower levels are assumed to be coupled by the same reservoir which are respectively the isotropic photonic band gap (PBG) modes, the anisotropic PBG modes and the free vacuum modes. The effects of the fine structure of the atomic ground state levels in the model with one upper level and two lower levels and the quantum interferences in the model with two upper levels and one lower level on the spontaneous emission spectrum of an atom are investigated in detail. Most interestingly, it is shown that new spontaneous emission lines are produced from the fine splitting of atomic ground state levels in the isotropic PBG case. The quantum interferences induce additional narrow spontaneous lines near the transition from the empty upper level to the lower level.
The spontaneous emission spectrum from a driven three-level atom placed inside a double-band photonic crystal has been investigated. We use the model which assumes the upper levels of the atomic transition are coupled via a classical driving field. The transition from one of the upper levels to lower level couples to the modes of the modified reservoir, and the transition from the other upper level to lower level interactwith the free vacuum modes. The effect of classical driving field on the spontaneous emission spectrum of this latter transition is investigated in detail. Most interestingly it is shown that only in the presence of the classical driving field; there is a black dark line in the spontaneous emission spectrum of free-space transition when the modified reservoir is of the photonic band gap type. This dark line is not seen in the case where the modified reservoir is of the free space type for relatively weak driving field.
The impacts of an external driving field on the spontaneous emission from an excited two-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic crystal is investigated. In the upper level coupling, a dark line occurs, which stems from deductive quantum interference induced by the external driving field. The dark line appears with an additional peak when it is outside the band gap of the PBG reservoirs. The dark line cannot be seen when it falls into the band gap. In the case of lower level coupling, interference plays no role. The emission spectrum displays two incoherent modified Lorentzian lines that have two singularities in each side of the band gap in isotropic PBG reservoirs.