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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Critical behaviour of the loop gas model on the square lattice

M. Karowski, Franz S. Rys

Published Sep 11, 1986• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The critical behaviour of the two-dimensional self-avoiding loop gas model with multiplicity m=1 (singly counted non-intersecting loops) is studied numerically on a square lattice using a recently developed Monte Carlo method. The critical exponents alpha , beta , gamma and delta are evaluated in the 'critical window' between the finite-size rounding and the non-critical ('correction-to-scaling') regime using a recently calculated accurate value of T c . Within error bars, Ising-like critical exponents of the loop gas are obtained.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/19/13/025

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The critical behaviour of the two-dimensional self-avoiding loop gas model with multiplicity m=1 (singly counted non-intersecting loops) is studied numerically on a square lattice using a recently developed Monte Carlo method. The critical exponents alpha , beta , gamma and delta are evaluated in the 'critical window' between the finite-size rounding and the non-critical ('correction-to-scaling') regime using a recently calculated accurate value of T c . Within error bars, Ising-like critical exponents of the loop gas are obtained.
A careful Monte Carlo investigation of the phase transition very close to the critical point (T -> Tc, H -> 0) in relatively large d = 3, s = 1/2 Ising lattices did produce critical exponents beta = 0.3126(4) =~ 5/16, delta^{-1} = 0.1997(4) =~ 1/5 and gamma_{3D} = 1.253(4) =~ 5/4. Our results indicate that, within experimental error, they are given by simple fractions corresponding to the linear interpolations between the respective two-dimensional (Onsager) and four-dimensional (mean field) critical exponents. An analysis of our inverse susceptibility data chi^{-1}(T) vs. /T - Tc/ shows that these data lead to a value of gamma_{3D} compatible with gamma' = gamma and Tc = 4.51152(12), while gamma values obtained recently by high and low temperature series expansions and renormalization group methods are not.
The corrections to finite-size scaling in the critical two-point correlation function G(r) of 2D Ising model on a square lattice have been studied numerically by means of exact transfer-matrix algorithms. The systems have been considered, including up to 800 spins. The calculation of G(r) at a distance r equal to the half of the system size L shows the existence of an amplitude correction proportional to 1/L^2. A nontrivial correction ~1/L^0.25 of a very small magnitude also has been detected, as it can be expected from our recently developed GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory. Monte Carlo simulations of the squared magnetization of 3D Ising model have been performed by Wolff's algorithm in the range of the reduced temperatures t =< 0.000086 and system sizes L =< 410. The effective critical exponent beta_eff(t) tends to increase above the currently accepted numerical values. The critical coupling K_c=0.22165386(51) has been extracted from the Binder cumulant data within 96 =< L =< 384. The critical exponent 1/nu, estimated from the finite-size scaling of the derivatives of the Binder cumulant, tends to decrease slightly below the RG value 1.587 for the largest system sizes. The finite-size scaling of accurately simulated maximal values of the specific heat C_v in 3D Ising model confirms a logarithmic rather than power-like critical singularity of C_v.
Monte Carlo simulations are performed on the square lattice Ising system with both the nearest neighbor and the two-dimensional dipolar interactions in order to investigate the critical property of ferromagnetic phase transitions in this 2-dimensional system. Applying the finite size scaling theory to Monte Carlo data just near the transition point, the critical indices of this dipolar system are calculated and α=0.31±0.04, β =0.20±0.02, γ=1.08±0.20 and ν=0.72±0.10 are obtained. However, in the temperature region considerably far from the transition point, different values of α, β and γ seem to be adequate, which are rather close to those of the rigorous result of the 2-dimensional Ising model.
The critical relaxation of the magnetization in a two-dimensional Ising model with quenched random non-magnetic impurities has been studied by numerical simulation. A squared lattice of size 400 2 with spin concentrations p=1.0; 0.95, 0,9, 0.85, 0.8, 0.75 and 0.7 was considered. The dynamical critical exponent z was determined by the Monte Carlo method combined with the dynamical renormalization group method. The following values were received for z(p): z(1)=2.24+or-0.07, z(0.95)=2.24+or-0.06, z(0.9)=2.24+or-0.06, z(0.85)=2.38+or-0.05, z(0.8)=2.51+or-0.06, z(0.75)=2.66+or-0.07 and z(0.7)=2.88+or-0.06. A singular dynamic scaling behaviour with z=A' mod ln(p-p c ) mod +B' was found for systems with spin concentrations p<or=0.85 near the percolation threshold p c , where A'=0.56+or-0.07 and B'=1.62+or-0.07 are temperature-independent constants.
The critical exponents of the non-interacting hard-square lattice gas model are determined by means of series analysis and finite-size scaling. The series analysis leads to results for the exponents that are consistent with the expected Ising universal values. A scaling analysis is performed on different types of numerical finite-size data obtained by means of the transfer-matrix method. The results support Ising universality. A procedure based on conformal invariance reproduces the known Ising temperature and magnetic exponents within 10 -6 . Furthermore we estimate the critical density of the hard-square model as rho c =0.367 743 000 (5).
The corrections to finite-size scaling in the critical two-point correlation function G(r) of 2D Ising model on a square lattice have been studied numerically by means of exact transfer-matrix algorithms. The systems of square geometry with periodic boundaries oriented either along <10> or along <11> direction have been considered, including up to 800 spins. The calculation of G(r) at a distance r equal to the half of the system size L shows the existence of an amplitude correction proportional to 1/L^2. A nontrivial correction proportional to 1/L^0.25 of a very small magnitude also has been detected in agreement with predictions of our recently developed GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory. A refined analysis of the recent MC data for 3D Ising, phi^4, and XY lattice models has been performed. It includes an analysis of the partition function zeros of 3D Ising model, an estimation of the correction-to-scaling exponent omega from the Binder cumulant data near criticality, as well as a study of the effective critical exponent eta and the effective amplitudes in the asymptotic expansion of susceptibility at the critical point. In all cases a refined analysis is consistent with our (GFD) asymptotic values of the critical exponents (nu=2/3, omega=1/2, eta=1/8 for 3D Ising model and omega=5/9 for 3D XY model), while the actually accepted "conventional" exponents are, in fact, effective exponents which are valid for approximation of the finite--size scaling behavior of not too large systems.