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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Power broadening of electromagnetically induced transparence resonance

Lijun Yang, Lianshui Zhang, Xiaoli Li, Xiaomin Feng, Guangsheng Fu, Li Han

Published Jan 11, 2005• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The width of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is studied theoretically for an ideal three-level system in a L-type configuration. The optical Bloch equations are solved and the power broadening behavior of the EIT resonance is studied as a function of both couple and probe laser intensities over a broad range. It is shown that at relative low couple laser intensity there is a quadratic dependence of the EIT width on the couple laser Rabi frequency and at large couple laser intensity the EIT resonance evolve into the well known dynamic Stark splitting and its width has a linear dependence on the couple Rabi frequency. The dependence of the EIT width on the probe laser intensity shows different characteristics with the dependence on the couple laser intensity. Furthermore, the probe laser causes saturation and this is also discussed in this paper.

DOI
10.1117/12.574749

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The width of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is studied theoretically for an ideal three-level system in a L-type configuration. The optical Bloch equations are solved and the power broadening behavior of the EIT resonance is studied as a function of both couple and probe laser intensities over a broad range. It is shown that at relative low couple laser intensity there is a quadratic dependence of the EIT width on the couple laser Rabi frequency and at large couple laser intensity the EIT resonance evolve into the well known dynamic Stark splitting and its width has a linear dependence on the couple Rabi frequency. The dependence of the EIT width on the probe laser intensity shows different characteristics with the dependence on the couple laser intensity. Furthermore, the probe laser causes saturation and this is also discussed in this paper.
Atomic coherence and interference play an important role in the study of the atom-photon interactions. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an extensively studied two-photon coherence phenomenon theoretically as well as experimentally. EIT is mainly observed in three-level atomic systems which causes transparency by quenching absorption of the medium. In this paper, based on the lambda type three-level system including energy level |1>, |2> and |3>, a microwave driving field is introduced between the excited-state energy level |3> and another excited-state energy level |4> to form an inverted Y-type four-level system. We theoretically study the two- and three-photon coherence in this system. The results show that the coupling field makes the probing absorption intensity at the resonant frequency have a very narrow line-width depression, i.e., EIT. The microwave field causes a dynamic Stark splitting of the energy level |3> and induces the Aulter-Townes double peaks. Their frequency interval is exactly equal to the Rabi frequency of the microwave field. The presence of all three fields induces wide window of EIT at the line center owing to the enhanced depression results. The transient evolution is also discussed to understand the optical switching process in the system. Our theoretical study will be helpful to get a deeper insight into the three-photon effects in multilevel systems.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is obtained in a well-studied lambda three level system where an optical coupling field and a probing field interact with two optical transitions. However, both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and EIT can be obtained in a modified quasi-lambda four level system consisting of an optical-radio two-photon coupling field and a probing field. By solving the density matrix equation of motion, a physical account of EIA and EIT is given in terms of a dressed state picture. It can be seen that the optical coupling field in this quasi-lambda four level system has a crucial effect on the forming of EIA and EIT. An EIA is observed under a resonant optical coupling and it evolves into an EIT when there is a detuning. Furthermore, the width of EIA or EIT increases as the optical coupling Rabi frequency increases.
Laser induced line narrowing effect in Doppler broadened systems was discovered thirty years ago. This effect can also be applied to recent experimental studies in high resolution spectroscopy or high precision measurements based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). In this report we derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of EIT resonance in a Doppler broadened system. It is shown here that the EIT linewidth is proportional to the Rabi frequency of the driving field and is independent of the Doppler width in a limiting case. This recovers the result found in the laser induced line narrowing effect by Feld and Javan. In the other limit, we recovers the usual power broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity of the driving field and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.
We observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rb vapor at various optical intensities, starting from below saturation to several times the saturation intensity. The observed Lorentzian width of the EIT signal is very small. Solving the time dependant density matrix equation of motion with a phenomenological decay constant, we find an expression suitable in explaining the EIT signal. In this experimental observation and theoretical analysis intensity of EIT signal and its Lorentzian width increases with Rabi frequency of optical field.
We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a Doppler-broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler width, similar to the laser-induced line narrowing effect described by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the usual power-broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.
The conclusions of a theoretical study of the dependence of the characteristics of the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency on the pulse intensity of the input probe radiation under elliptical polarization of laser fields have been reported. The analysis has been carried out for the Ʌ-scheme of inhomogeneously broadened quantum transitions between the levels 3P0{}^{3}{{P}_{0}}3P0​ , 3P10{}^{3}P_{1}^{0}3P10​ , and 3P2{}^{3}{{P}_{2}}3P2​ of the 208Pb isotope. The cases of resonance, i.e., the coincidence of the frequencies of the probe and control fields with the central frequencies of the corresponding quantum transitions, and quasi-resonance, when such a coincidence occurs only up to the line width of the corresponding quantum transition, have been considered. It has been shown that in these cases there is a tendency for the input probe radiation to split into pulses with different polarization characteristics. If the input probe radiation is weak enough, these pulses have constant polarization characteristics and are normal mode pulses. In the case of a higher power of the input probe radiation, the pulses into which it splits in the medium are not normal mode pulses, but their polarization characteristics fluctuate near the values inherent in normal modes. At the same time, the phase modulation of the probe field is present at all stages of its propagation in the medium. It has been shown that the transparency of the medium for the probe field decreases with increasing intensity of the input probe radiation. However, it is sufficiently large if the polarization characteristics of the input probe radiation coincide with those for the normal mode, the major axis of the polarization ellipse of which is parallel to the major axis of the control field polarization ellipse.