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Optics Letters

Transient properties of an electromagnetically induced transparency in three-level atoms

Yongqing Li, Min Xiao

Published Jul 1, 1995• 114 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe the transient behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency in three-level atomic systems. When the coupling f ield is switched on, the absorption for the probe field is oscillatorily damped to its new steady-state (transparent) value. Transient gain without population inversion and enhancement of dispersion are discussed. A realistic system for experimental testing of these effects is presented.

DOI
10.1364/ol.20.001489

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We describe the transient behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency in three-level atomic systems. When the coupling f ield is switched on, the absorption for the probe field is oscillatorily damped to its new steady-state (transparent) value. Transient gain without population inversion and enhancement of dispersion are discussed. A realistic system for experimental testing of these effects is presented.
In this paper, we analyze and discuss the absorption properties of the probe beam in a four-level atomic system with a nearly hyper-fine doublet structure of two higher-lying excited levels based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the two cases of transient process and steady-state process. The main gain of this work is to investigate theoretically the influence of the nearly hyper-fine levels on the probe absorption. For the transient process, using the numerical calculations by a simple Mathematica code we find that the magnitude of the probe absorption at the line center is small compared to the typical three-level atomic system in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency. For the case of the steady state, our results show that the probe absorption can be completely eliminated at the line center of the probe transition just as the usual three-level EIT scheme.
In this paper, we analyze and discuss the absorption properties of the probe beam in a four-level atomic system with a nearly hyper-fine doublet structure of two higher-lying excited levels based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the two cases of transient process and steady-state process. The main gain of this work is to investigate theoretically the influence of the nearly hyper-fine levels on the probe absorption. For the transient process,using the numerical calculations by a simple Mathematica code we find that the magnitude of the probe absorption at the line center is small compared to the typical three-level atomic system in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency. For the case of the steady state, our results show that the probe absorption can be completely eliminated at the line center of the probe transition just as the usual three-level EIT scheme.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
We study the response of an inhomogeneously broadened atomic three-level ladder system to a strong probe beam under conditions in which electromagnetically induced transparency would be induced on a weak probe beam. Theoretical analysis and experimental data show that saturation effects associated with the strong probe can substantially alter the behavior of the system and can result in enhanced probe absorption under exactly the same circumstances in which a weak probe would experience enhanced transparency. Strong probe effects are also shown to lead to a breakdown of the correspondence between population inversion and gain. A power-series solution of the density-matrix equations describing the ladder system provides a physical picture for strong probe effects in terms of interfering multiphoton transition pathways.
Summary form only given. Many studies have been made of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and probe gain under steady-state conditions. We have carried out experimental studies of transient effects in rubidium lambda systems in the non-adiabatic regime where the coupling field is rapidly switched on using a Pockels cell in a time that is short compared with transient time scales. Our preliminary work has confirmed predictions that the steady-state EIT is approached through damped oscillations characterised by the coupling field Rabi frequency /spl Omega//sub c/ and the spontaneous decay rate /spl Gamma/. We report results of our recent investigations into the effects of strong coupling fields conducted in several different lambda schemes in the rubidium 5S/sub 1/2/-5P/sub 3/2/ hyperfine levels in a magnetooptical trap. We also studied the effects of the initial conditions of population and optical coherence, probe absorption on uncoupled Zeeman transitions, and incoherent pumping.