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Journal of Modern Optics

Coherent control of excited atomic states inside a three-dimensional photonic bandgap

Hiroyuki Nihei, Atsushi Okamoto

Published Jul 2, 2008• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate the coherent control of the excited state of an atom embedded in three-dimensional photonic bandgap (3D PBG) structures. The coherent control allows us to obtain a long-lifetime Rabi oscillation or several types of steady-state inversion, depending on the laser phase, in which the relaxation of an excited atom is strongly suppressed. Such a coherent control suggests the possibility of extending the atomic system to a low loss quantum logic gate for optical quantum computation.

DOI
10.1080/09500340802130613

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We demonstrate the coherent control of the excited state of an atom embedded in three-dimensional photonic bandgap (3D PBG) structures. The coherent control allows us to obtain a long-lifetime Rabi oscillation or several types of steady-state inversion, depending on the laser phase, in which the relaxation of an excited atom is strongly suppressed. Such a coherent control suggests the possibility of extending the atomic system to a low loss quantum logic gate for optical quantum computation.
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We have demonstrated the coherent control of photonic bandgap (PBG) devices composed of a three-level atom embedded in three-dimensional PBG structures, which enables us to strongly suppress the loss of quantum information not only during its storage but also during its processing. We find that this ultralow-loss optical quantum information processing can be realized by generating the upper atomic level splitting inside the PBG and by tuning one of the split levels to a dark line in the emission spectrum (zeros in the spectrum at certain values of the emitted photon frequency). Furthermore, we show that the coherent control may provide a basis for the universal quantum logic gate operation in quantum computing.
We demonstrate the coherent control of spontaneous emission for a three-level atom located within a photonic band gap (PBG) material, with one resonant frequency near the edge of the PBG. Spontaneous emission from the three-level atom can be totally suppressed or strongly enhanced depending on the relative phase between the steady-state control laser coupling the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state inversion of the atomic system is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This non-zero steady-state population is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom. It is robust to decoherence effects provided that the Rabi frequency of the control laser field exceeds the rate of dephasing interactions. As a result, such a system may be relevant for a single-atom, phase-sensitive optical memory device on the atomic scale. The protected electric dipole within the PBG provides a basis for a qubit to encode information for quantum computations. A detailed literature survey on the nature, fabrication and applications of PBG materials is presented to provide context for this research.
We demonstrate the coherent control of spontaneous emission for a three-level atom located within a photonic band-gap structure with one resonant frequency near the edge of the photonic band gap. Spontaneous emission from the three-level atom can be totally suppressed or strongly enhanced depending on the relative phase between the steady-state control laser coupling the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state inversion of the atomic system is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This nonzero steady-state population is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom. It is robust to decoherence effects provided that the Rabi frequency of the control laser field-atom interaction exceeds the rate of dephasing interactions. As a result, such a system may be relevant for a single-atom, phase-sensitive, optical memory device on the atomic scale. The protected electric dipole within the photonic band gap provides a basis for a qubit to encode information for quantum computations.
The coherent control of the entanglement between a three-level atom located within a three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic photonic band gap (PBG) material, with one transition frequency near the edge of the PBG, and its radiation field is demonstrated. As a result of quantum interference and photon localization, the entanglement can be decreased or increased depending on the relative phase between the control laser coupling, the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state entanglement is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This non-zero steady-state entanglement is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom.