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New Journal of Physics

Manipulation of quantum state transfer in cold Rydberg atom collisions

Jader Cabral, Jorge Douglas Massayuki Kondo, Luís F. Gonçalves, Luís Gustavo Marcassa, Donald W. Booth, J Tallant, James P. Shaffer

Published Sep 15, 2010• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the role of the dc Stark effect in multilevel pairwise interactions between cold Rydberg atoms. We have observed the decay of nD + nD quasi-molecules by detecting the products in the (n + 2) P state after pulsed excitation for 29 <= n <= 41. The decay rate can be manipulated with a dc electric field and requires a consideration of the multilevel nature of the process to explain the observations. The time dependence of the (n + 2) P signal is found to support a time-dependent picture of the dynamics.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/12/9/093023

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This thesis reports the use of both dc and ac electric fi eld induced resonant \nenergy transfer, RET, between cold Rydberg atoms as a useful tool for enhancement \nof interatomic interactions. A general technique for laser frequency stabilization and \nits suitability for Rydberg atom excitation is also demonstrated. \nRET between cold Rydberg atoms was used to determine Rydberg atom energy \nlevels. The ⁸⁵Rb atoms are laser cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap. \nFor energy level determination experiment, atoms were optically excited to 32d₅/₂ \nRydberg states. The two-atom process 32d₅/₂ + 32d₅/₂ → 34p₃/₂+30g is resonant at \nan electric fi eld of approximately 0.3 V/cm through dipole dipole interaction. The \nexperimentally observed resonant fi eld, together with the Stark map calculation is \nused to make a determination of the ⁸⁵Rb ng-series quantum defect to be ⵒg(n = \n30) = 0.00405(6). \nThe ac Stark eff ect was also used to induce RET between cold Rydberg atoms. \nWhen a 28.5 GHz dressing field was set at speci fic fi eld strengths, the two-atom \ndipole-dipole process 43d₅/₂ + 43d₅/₂ → 45p₃/₂ + 41f was dramatically enhanced, \ndue to induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. This method for enhancing \ninteractions is complementary to dc electric- field-induced RET, but has more \n \nflexibility due to the possibility of varying the applied frequency. At a dressing field \nof 28.5 GHz all of the participating levels (43d₅/₂, 45p₃/₂ and 41f) show signi cant \nshifts and these give a complicated series of resonances. An oscillating electric \nfi eld at 1.356 GHz was also used to promote the above RET process where the \natoms are initially excited to the 43d₅/₂ Rydberg states. The ac fi eld strength was \nscanned to collect RET spectra. Di fferent resonances were observed for diff erent \nmagnetic sublevels involved in the process. Compared to the higher dressing field \nfrequency of 28.5 GHz, the choice of dressing frequency of 1.356 GHz, which is \nslightly blue detuned from the 41f - 41g transition, and structure of the spectra \nmay be understood, by analogy with the dc field case.

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Controlling the interactions between cold Rydberg atoms by a time-varying electric field

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Long-range interactions between cold Rydberg atoms are being investigated for neutral-atom quantum computing, quantum simulations, phase transitions in cold Rydberg gases and other applications. Fine tuning of the interaction strength can be implemented using Förster resonances between Rydberg atoms controlled by an electric field. The observation of the Stark-tuned Förster resonances between Rydberg atoms excited by narrowband cw laser radiation requires usage of a Stark-switching technique in order to excite the atoms first in a fixed electric field and then to induce the interactions in a varied electric field, which is scanned across the Förster resonance. The application of the radio-frequency field causes additional Förster resonances between collective states, whose line shape depends on the interaction strengths and time. Spatial averaging over the atom positions in a single interaction volume yields a cusped line shape of the Förster resonance. We present a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the line shape and time dynamics of the Stark-tuned Förster resonances Rb( nP 3/2 ) + Rb( nP 3/2 ) → Rb( nS 1/2 ) + Rb([ n + 1] S 1/2 ) for two Rb Rydberg atoms interacting in a time-varying electric field.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations
We investigate the role of the dc Stark effect in multilevel pairwise interactions between cold Rydberg atoms. We have observed the decay of nD + nD quasi-molecules by detecting the products in the (n + 2) P state after pulsed excitation for 29 <= n <= 41. The decay rate can be manipulated with a dc electric field and requires a consideration of the multilevel nature of the process to explain the observations. The time dependence of the (n + 2) P signal is found to support a time-dependent picture of the dynamics.
We have observed a significant yield of (n + 2)P atoms after the excitation of nD Rydberg atoms in a Rb MOT, where 27 < n < 41, which can be attributed to binary collisions between Rydberg atoms. We have measured its dependence on principle quantum number as well as DC electric field. These results are compared to a model which uses the Landau-Zener method to calculate transition probabilities at avoided crossings in the two-atom potential energy curves, taking into account the effects of the DC Stark effect due to the background electric field.
The state transfer of nS Rydberg atoms induced by external pulsed electric field has been investigated. Cold nS Rydberg atoms are prepared by the two-photon transition and the selective field-ionization method is used to detect the Rydberg atoms and "P" state due to the state mixing. The avoided crossing of nS and (n-4) manifold is studied and the dependence of the state transfer rate on the strength of pulsed field is obtained. Experimental result is interpreted by using Stark effect of electric field and it shows consistency between experiment and calculation.
In this work, we study the role of the ac Stark effects on the excitation of nS1/2 cold Rydberg atoms produced in a rubidium magneto-optical trap. We have observed an atomic population in the nP3/2 state after excitation of nS1/2 for 29<or=n<or=37. Such an observation is normally attributed to binary collisions; however, the interaction between Rb nS1/2 atoms is repulsive. To explain our results, the dipole-dipole interaction and ac Stark shifts from the excitation laser must be considered. We find that the Rydberg-atom-pair state asymptotically correlating to nP3/2+(n-1)P3/2 is excited directly.
This thesis reports the use of both dc and ac electric fi eld induced resonant \nenergy transfer, RET, between cold Rydberg atoms as a useful tool for enhancement \nof interatomic interactions. A general technique for laser frequency stabilization and \nits suitability for Rydberg atom excitation is also demonstrated. \nRET between cold Rydberg atoms was used to determine Rydberg atom energy \nlevels. The ⁸⁵Rb atoms are laser cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap. \nFor energy level determination experiment, atoms were optically excited to 32d₅/₂ \nRydberg states. The two-atom process 32d₅/₂ + 32d₅/₂ → 34p₃/₂+30g is resonant at \nan electric fi eld of approximately 0.3 V/cm through dipole dipole interaction. The \nexperimentally observed resonant fi eld, together with the Stark map calculation is \nused to make a determination of the ⁸⁵Rb ng-series quantum defect to be ⵒg(n = \n30) = 0.00405(6). \nThe ac Stark eff ect was also used to induce RET between cold Rydberg atoms. \nWhen a 28.5 GHz dressing field was set at speci fic fi eld strengths, the two-atom \ndipole-dipole process 43d₅/₂ + 43d₅/₂ → 45p₃/₂ + 41f was dramatically enhanced, \ndue to induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. This method for enhancing \ninteractions is complementary to dc electric- field-induced RET, but has more \n \nflexibility due to the possibility of varying the applied frequency. At a dressing field \nof 28.5 GHz all of the participating levels (43d₅/₂, 45p₃/₂ and 41f) show signi cant \nshifts and these give a complicated series of resonances. An oscillating electric \nfi eld at 1.356 GHz was also used to promote the above RET process where the \natoms are initially excited to the 43d₅/₂ Rydberg states. The ac fi eld strength was \nscanned to collect RET spectra. Di fferent resonances were observed for diff erent \nmagnetic sublevels involved in the process. Compared to the higher dressing field \nfrequency of 28.5 GHz, the choice of dressing frequency of 1.356 GHz, which is \nslightly blue detuned from the 41f - 41g transition, and structure of the spectra \nmay be understood, by analogy with the dc field case.
The high-l Rydberg Stark states are populated by the state transfer from initial prepared nS Rydberg state via avoided crossings induced by a weak electric-field pulse, and investigated by the state selective field ionization method in a cesium standard magneto-optical trap. The dependences of the transfer rate, given by the ratio of the number of high-l Stark states to all atoms, on the strength and holding time of electric-field pulse are investigated and compared with those with additional ions. The results show that the time evolution of high-l Stark states strongly depends on the electric-field strength, and is affected by the additional ions at relatively weaker field (1.51 V/cm here). The density of Rydberg atoms has a minor effect on the characteristic time of evolution process.
Long-range interactions between cold Rydberg atoms are being investigated for neutral-atom quantum computing, quantum simulations, phase transitions in cold Rydberg gases and other applications. Fine tuning of the interaction strength can be implemented using Förster resonances between Rydberg atoms controlled by an electric field. The observation of the Stark-tuned Förster resonances between Rydberg atoms excited by narrowband cw laser radiation requires usage of a Stark-switching technique in order to excite the atoms first in a fixed electric field and then to induce the interactions in a varied electric field, which is scanned across the Förster resonance. The application of the radio-frequency field causes additional Förster resonances between collective states, whose line shape depends on the interaction strengths and time. Spatial averaging over the atom positions in a single interaction volume yields a cusped line shape of the Förster resonance. We present a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the line shape and time dynamics of the Stark-tuned Förster resonances Rb( nP 3/2 ) + Rb( nP 3/2 ) → Rb( nS 1/2 ) + Rb([ n + 1] S 1/2 ) for two Rb Rydberg atoms interacting in a time-varying electric field.