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Physical Review A

Squeezing and antisqueezing in homodyne measurements

M. S. Kim, Barry C. Sanders

Published May 1, 1996• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Squeezing the signal field or the local oscillator can improve the accuracy of homodyne detection. We show that an equivalence exists between antisqueezing the signal field and squeezing the local oscillator state. The importance of this result is illustrated in two contexts: a homodyne measurement of squeezing and the reconstruction of the wave function. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.3694

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Squeezing the signal field or the local oscillator can improve the accuracy of homodyne detection. We show that an equivalence exists between antisqueezing the signal field and squeezing the local oscillator state. The importance of this result is illustrated in two contexts: a homodyne measurement of squeezing and the reconstruction of the wave function. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We observe -9.01+/-0.14 dB of squeezing and +15.12+/-0.14 dB of antisqueezing with a local oscillator phase locked in homodyne measurement. Suzuki et al. have pointed out two main factors in [Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 061116 (2006)], which degrade the observed squeezing level:phase fluctuation in homodyne measurement and intracavity losses of an optical parametric oscillator for squeezing. We have improved the phase stability of homodyne measurement and have reduced the intracavity losses. We measure pump power dependences of the squeezing and antisqueezing levels, which show good agreement with theoretical calculations taking account of the phase fluctuation.
We observe -9.01$\\pm0.14dBofsqueezingand+15.120.14 dB of squeezing and +15.120.14dBofsqueezingand+15.12\\pm$0.14 dB of antisqueezing with a local oscillator phase locked in homodyne measurement. In reference [1], two main factors are pointed out which degrade the observed squeezing level: phase fluctuation in homodyne measurement and intracavity losses of an optical parametric oscillator for squeezing. We have improved the phase stability of homodyne measurement and have reduced the intracavity losses. We measure pump power dependences of the squeezing and antisqueezing levels, which show good agreement with theoretical calculations taking account of the phase fluctuation.
A novel experimental scheme is proposed that allows us to avoid the deterioration of homodyne detection measurements due to nonideal detectors. The basic idea is to "preamplify" the signal by means of antisqueezing. Experimentally, we would employ a squeezer, e.g., a degenerate optical parametric amplifier, that squeezes just the nonobserved quadrature component of the electric field while antisqueezing the conjugate component which is measured. It is shown that for sufficiently strong antisqueezing one achieves the same measurement accuracy as with perfectly efficient detectors. In particular, in this way the actual Wigner function can be reconstructed in cptical homodyne tomography.
Based on proposals to measure squeezing by homodyne cross correlation [Ou, Hong, and Mandel, Phys. Rev. A 36, 192 (1987)] and by homodyne intensity correlation measurements with a weak local oscillator [Vogel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2450 (1991)], the method of homodyne correlation measurements is considered in detail for the case of weak local oscillators. Aside from the feasibility of measuring squeezing in low efficiency detection, it appears possible to record the correlation of the noise of two noncommuting observables, namely, the intensity and the electric field strength of the signal field. The separation of the different contributions to the measured correlations is considered and spectral correlation measurements are analyzed. Local oscillator noise, which is not balanced out in such a scheme, is found to be attenuated effectively by decreasing the local oscillator field. In particular, in the homodyne cross correlation scheme, it is of interest to use a beam splitter that significantly differs from a 50%:50% partition.
We use our interpretation of homodyne and heterodyne detection of squeezed states, viz., quantum correlation between photons as expressed in second-order correlation functions, to study various cases. In particular, we introduce the coherence time of the local oscillator and show its influence on the possible noise reduction. We also study the case in which the local oscillator is not much stronger than the squeezed state and analyze the influence of phase jitter. This approach could explain some experimental results and suggest improvements in detection schemes.