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Physical Review A

Staggered manipulation of ultracold atoms in optical lattices

Huirong Zhang, Qiuyi Guo, Zhaoyuan Ma, Xuzong Chen

Published Nov 26, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effective staggered coupling between two hyperfine ground states of ultracold atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice is produced by the Raman processes induced by additional light fields. The induced staggered coupling can be applied to quantum information processing and to the preparation of an antiferromagnetic state for a system of ultracold atoms with two hyperfine internal states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.053622

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The effective staggered coupling between two hyperfine ground states of ultracold atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice is produced by the Raman processes induced by additional light fields. The induced staggered coupling can be applied to quantum information processing and to the preparation of an antiferromagnetic state for a system of ultracold atoms with two hyperfine internal states.
Ultracold atoms with two hyperfine internal states in optical lattices are proposed to demonstrate a two-dimensional spin-1/21/21/2 model under a transverse effective staggered magnetic field. The transverse magnetic field is produced by a Raman process and can be modulated by the intensities of the additional light fields. This optical lattice protocol can investigate magnetic quantum phenomena induced by the effective staggered magnetic field in a wider parameter range with controllable interaction between the spins of the nearest-neighbor atoms.
Abstract We propose a novel method for the realization of an optical Kagome lattice due to the Raman processes driven by additional light fields applied to the ultracold atoms of two hyperfine internal states trapped in a planar optical triangular lattice. The tunneling between the different internal states of the nearest-neighbor atoms in Kagome lattices can be adjusted by the additional light fields independently of the on-site interaction. This optical lattice protocol can be used to investigate the magnetic quantum phenomena and the nearest-neighbor magnetic coupling becomes strong enough by increasing the intensities of the additional light fields.
A technique is described by which light-induced gauge potentials allow systems of ultracold neutral atoms to behave like charged particles in a magnetic field. Here, atoms move in a uniform laser field with a spatially varying Zeeman shift and experience an effective magnetic field. This technique is applicable for atoms with two or more internal ground states. Finally, an explicit model of the system using a single-mode two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation yields the expected vortex lattice.
In this dissertation, we discuss the manipulation of ultracold atoms with optical fields.We show how a one-way barrier for ground state atoms may be constructed.Its use for phase space compression is analyzed.Using several ideas from solid-state physics, we reveal a number of novel phenomena in quantum transport of ultracold atoms in two-dimensional optical lattices.These include Berry phase, self-rotation, spin-orbit coupling, and discrete solitons.Finally, we analyze in detail an approach to extract a small and deterministic number of atoms from a trapped Bose condensed gas by the introduction of an optical quantum dot.We show how small numbers of atoms in microtraps can be used for quantum state engineering.vii
In this article we keep digging into the capabilities of optical lattices as simulators, showing how they can also be a powerful tool for simulating phenomena traditionally linked to quantum-optical systems (a study that we began in de Vega et al., (2008)). The basic idea consists of connecting an atomic state trapped in the optical lattice to a non trapped state through a Raman scheme. The coupling between these two types of atoms (trapped and free) turns out to be similar to that describing light-matter interaction within the rotating-wave approximation, the role of matter and photons being played by the trapped and free atoms, respectively.
We propose a single-site addressing implementation based on the subwavelength localization via adiabatic passage (SLAP) technique. We consider a sample of ultracold neutral atoms loaded into a two-dimensional optical lattice with one atom per site. Each atom is modeled by a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system in interaction with a pump and a Stokes laser pulse. Using a pump field with a node in its spatial profile, the atoms at all sites are transferred from one ground state of the system to the other via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, except the one at the position of the node that remains in the initial ground state. This technique allows for the preparation, manipulation, and detection of atoms with a spatial resolution better than the diffraction limit, which either relaxes the requirements on the optical setup used or extends the achievable spatial resolution to lattice spacings smaller than accessible to date. In comparison to techniques based on coherent population trapping, SLAP gives a higher addressing resolution and has additional advantages such as robustness against parameter variations, coherence of the transfer process, and the absence of photon induced recoil. Additionally, the advantages of our proposal with respect to adiabatic spin-flip techniques are highlighted. Analytic expressions for the achievable addressing resolution and efficiency are derived and compared to numerical simulations for 87{}^{87}87Rb atoms in state-of-the-art optical lattices.